Chapter 26 - Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal

Question 1

Black Tuesday (Thursday)

Answer 1

The day the stock market crashed.

Question 2

Causes of the Great Depression

Answer 2

product saturation + the remaining market can’t afford your product
unstable economic conditions in Europe
agricultural decline (started 1919)
corporate mistreatment
excessive speculation in the stock market

Question 3

Hoovervilles

Answer 3

Shanty towns made by the homeless. Called such because Hoover’s relief policy was so bad that it didn’t help.

Question 4

Hoover’s Four Biggest Mistakes

Answer 4

• Signing the Smoot-Hawley Tariff which increased the tariff to 50%
• Revenue Act of 1932 increased the tax on the wealthy and the struggling corps to fund aid
• Balancing the budget
• Bonus Army fiasco

Question 5

Hoover’s personality during the Depression

Answer 5

• optimistic; met with the cynicism of the people

- hesitant to issue direct relief

Question 6

Hoover’s policy for stopping the depression

Answer 6

• Volunteerism
• opposed direct relief of the unemployed
• Called on private charities and local govt to feed and clothe the needy

Question 7

Boulder (Hoover) Dam

Answer 7

A building project to make jobs for idle men and to create electricity.

Question 8

Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)

Answer 8

loan the govt money to save financial institutions on bankruptcy

Question 9

FDR’s personality

Answer 9

• charismatic
• strong man (fought off polio)
• understood the suffering

Question 10

Fireside Chats

Answer 10

FDR used the radios that everyone bought in order to speak to the people weekly. He told them what he was doing in layman’s terms and reassured the people.

Question 11

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

Answer 11

Effort at regional planning -> building of a series of dams in 7 states to control floods, ease navigation, and produce electricity.
Created jobs just like the Hoover Damn project

Question 12

National Recovery Administration (NRA)

Answer 12

Write codes of fair competition to set realistic limits on production, allocation %s to indie producers, and set firm guidelines for prices.
Created Section 7a

Question 13

Section 7a

Answer 13

protection of labor in all the codes - established max hrs, minimum wages, and guaranteed collective bargaining

Question 14

Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)

Answer 14

encourage farmers to take land out of production by paying subsidies.
Attempt at raising farm prices

Question 15

Farm Security Administration (FSA)

Answer 15

Loan money to tenants and sharecroppers so they could get their own land.
Funds from Congress = too modest

Question 16

Harry Hopkins

Answer 16

FDR’s director of relief programs.

Created the CCC and WPA

Question 17

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

Answer 17

Enrolled young men in relief and sent them to work on public lands, cutting trails, planting trees, building bridges, and paving roads.

Question 18

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

Answer 18

put unemployed on federal payroll to meet basic need and stimulate econ.

Question 19

Challengers of FDR and the Legislations Their Ideas Created

Answer 19

Huey Long - “Share the Wealth” movement
- Revenue Act of 1935 (^in taxes on large incomes of corps)
Francis Townsend - scheme to aid the elderly
- Social Security Act (old age pensions, worker’s comp, welfare checks)
Father Charles Coughlin - monetary inflation and nationalization of the banks
- Banking Act of 1935 (fed control over private banking)

Question 20

Wagner Act

Answer 20

outlaw company unions and other unfair labor practices in order to ensure collective bargaining for unions