Chapter 15: Secession and the Civil War Flashcards
December 20, 1860
Convention was held in Charleston declaring unanimously the union of the United States of America was dissolved
“Government of the people…”
Gettysburg Address
The only cause great enough to justify the enormous sacrifice of life on the battlefields was the struggle to preserve and extend the democratic ideal
Cooperationists
Slave states should work as a unit.
If they triumphed, secession would have been delayed in the hopes of making peace with the north.
Confederate States of America
Established by the Deep South in Montgomery, Alabama.
Think about all the things the Articles did wrong.
Jefferson Davis
President of the Confederates
Moderate
Alexander Stephens
Vice-President of the confederates
Moderate
“Fire Eaters”
Extreme Radicals
Yancey and Rhett
Denied place in office
Crittenden Compromise
Written by John Crittenden from Kentucky.
- extend the Missouri compromise line
- federal compensation to owners of escaped slaves
- law that stated that the government could not control or abolish slavery in the slave states
“Firm as an Oak”
Lincoln refused the Crittenden Compromise and would not budge
Star of the West
A ship sent by Buchanan to reinforce a garrison in Charleston Harbor.
Was fired on, and turned back
Fort Sumter
Inside Charleston Harbor.
The Confederacy demanded that it surrender.
Lincoln have to decide whether not to let it fall.
He decided to send supplies.
Sooner so I was a hostile act and started to attack the fort on April 12
April 12, 1861
Confederates begin firing on Fort Sumter no one died but they surrendered under Maj. Robert Anderson.
Beginning of Hostilities
Richmond VA
Capital of the confederation
Border Slave States
Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and Missouri.
Kentucky was neutral, until the south invaded, then they were northern
Maryland was under martial law to suppress confederate sympathizers.
Missouri, aided with the pro-Union German population, did not secede.
Robert E. Lee
Neither a defender of slavery or a southern nationalist. Stayed with VA in secession because he was loyal to state sovereignty.
George Thomas
Chose the union because it was indissoluble.
Total War
A war that involves all aspects of society because the north had to defeat the south so thoroughly that the south could not stand on its own.
Offensive Defensive
Southern commanders put it into effect.
Defend but also attack
On to Richmond
War could be won quickly and easily if we capture Richmond.
That isn’t how it went down.
Lard concentration of the Confederate army
Winfield Scott
Commander at the “On to Richmond”
Used the anaconda policy
Anaconda Policy
Blockade the southern coasts, seize the Mississippi, and cut off the south from food and supplies.
Two Front War
Keep the pressure on VA
Also advance down the Mississippi valley
Conscription Law
Passed to solve the problem of reenlistment among the short term volunteer soldiers. Used by the confederates.
The Red Badge of Courafe
.
Josiah Gorgas
Director of the Confederate Ordnance Bureau.
Was able to produce/procure the southern army
Greenbacks
The money printed by the Union treasury.
Martial Law
Declare by Lincoln on Apr. 27, 1861.
Military arrested citizens suspected of aiding the enemy.
Habeas Corpus
Lincoln suspended the right to a trail in the area between Philly and Washington.
Peace Democrats
Restoration of the union via negotiations not force.
Ran for office, elected, and presented their views to the public.
Johnston and Beauregard
Were denied the commands they deserved because Davis and they did not get along
Braxton Bragg
Allowed to keep a major command, because he was a favorite of Davis, even after demonstrating his incompetence.
Governors Brown and Vance
Governors that opposed Davis, as he lost his popularity, on all Confederate issues that went against state sovereignty.
Irvin McDowell
Led an army of poorly trained troops under the “On to Richmond” thingy.
Manassas Junction
Where the confederate army gathered.
Near Bull Run Creek.
The Union attacked here, but the confederates held their own after the reinforcements arrived.
Stonewall Jackson
General Thomas J. Jackson
Held his ground at Bull Run and counterattacked the union.
George McClellan
First replaced McDowell, then replaced Scott (after his retirement).
Spent the winter drilling the troops.
Lincoln got impatient with him because he was taking so long.
Forts Henry and Donelson
Both were western forts captured by Ulysses S. Grant.
Confederates were forced out of Kentucky and middle Tennessee.
David Farragut
Naval Officer
Captured New Orleans and started the beginning of the events that led to control of the Mississippi.
Virginia v. Monitor
Monitor was a union and turreted gun ship.
It defeated the Virginia, which sank many a union vessel.
Peninsula Campaign
McClellan moved his troops, by water, to a peninsula off of Yorktown. Yorktown fell, and he moved his troops 20 miles out of Richmond to wait for more troops. none came, because Lincoln wanted to protect the capital.
Battle of Seven Pines
McClellan just barely survived the battle with Stonewall Jackson until reinforcements crossed to save the day.
Jackson was wounded during this battle, so he was replaced by Robert E. Lee.
John Pope
McClellan moved to slowly.
Lee got to Pope before he did and fought the second battle of Bull Run.
Lee is a great strategist.
Pope fled the the safety of the capital.
Antietam
Bloodiest one day battle of the war.
Lee was trying to cut off Washington from the Union.
McClellan caught up to him and, though the end result was a draw, pushed him back.
McClellan was slow in pursuit and was blamed for letting Lee escape.
Ambrose E. Burnside
Replaced McClellan because he was infected with “the slows”
The fuck was aggressive, but also daft.
Fredericksburg
Burnside launched a direct assault on an entrenched enemy on higher ground, and expected to win.
