Chapter 7 - Cardiovascular System Flashcards
State the flow of blood starting with the vena cava
(deoxygenated)inferior&superior vena cava –> Right Atrium –> tricuspid valve –> Right Ventricle –> Pulmonary Valve –> R&L Pulmonary Arteries –> Lungs –> (oxygenated) R&L Pulmonary Veins –> Left Atrium –> Mitral Valve –>Left Ventricle –> Aortic Valve –> Aorta –> Rest of Body
what is the function of the cardiovascular system?
to supply blood to all the tissues of the body
what’s another term for left atrioventricular valve?
mitral valve
what’s another term for right atrioventricular valve?
tricuspid valve
blood flow from the heart - rest of body - back to the heart
systemic circulation
blow flow from the heart - lungs - back to the heart
pulmonary circulation
partition that separates the right and left chambers
septum
contraction of the heart
systole
relaxation of the heart
diastole
double membrane sac that surrounds the heart
pericardium
heart muscle
myocardium
blood vessels that develop to provide an alternative route around an obstruction
collaterals
what are the layers of the heart from inside to outside
intima
muscular media
adventitia
most common congenital cardiac defect
atrial septal defect
allows shunting of blood from the high pressure left atria to the low pressure right atria
atrial septal defect
congenital narrowing of aorta
coarctation
accumulation of fatty material in a vessel
atherosclerosis
results in narrowing of the lumen
atherosclerosis
does atherosclerosis cause ischemia?
yes
chest pain resulting from mild ischemia
angina
what can atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries lead to?
MI(heart attack)
what is a lesion?
plaque plus a cap
can rupture and becomes highly thrombogenic
dilating an artery with a balloon&stent
angioplasty
what does CABG stand for?
coronary artery bypass graft
open heart surgery
CABG
used to bypass coronary arteries that have a stenosis in CABG
veins from the legs (saphenous vein)
what does hypertension lead to?
Congestive Heart Failure(CHF)
what does CHF lead to?
pulmonary edema
the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels
blood pressure
what is normal blood pressure?
120/80
what is the top number?
120/80
systole
the failure of the heart to provide the body with enough blood
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
what are the 2 main causes of CHF?
heart attack
high blood pressure
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lung tissue
pulmonary edema
accumulation of fluid in the pleural space
pleural effusion
what is the radiographic appearance of pleural effusion?
blunting of the costophrenic angle
an abnormal bulging of an artery
aneurysm
separating of the layers of the aorta
dissection of the aorta
what 2 layers of the aorta are separated with dissection?
intima & media
results in true and false lumen
dissection of the aorta
what is the result of A-fib?
thrombus in an artery
blockage of a vessel caused by an object that has migrated from somewhere else in the body
embolism
what is the most common kind of embolism?
thrombus
where can a thrombus of the leg or right atrium travel?
pulmonary arteries
causes a pulmonary embolism
where can a thrombus from the left atrium travel?
any other organ in the body except lungs
an inflammatory disease that damages the valves of the heart 2-3 weeks after certain infections (ex. strep throat)
rheumatic heart disease
narrowing of the mitral valve
mitral valve stenosis
when the mitral valve does not close properly
mitral valve insufficiency
what 2 things are involved with mitral valve insufficiency?
left atrium
left ventricle
narrowing of the aortic valve
aortic valve stenosis
when the aortic valve does not close properly
aortic valve insufficiency
what 2 things are involved with aortic valve insufficiency?
left ventricle
aorta
accumulation of fluid within the peridcardial space
pericardial effusion
what is performed to remove fluid buildup around the heart?
pericardiocentesis
primarily involves the lower extremities
thrombus in a vein
primary source of a pulmonary embolism
thrombus in a vein
dilated tortuous vessels
varicose veins
what vessels do varicose veins most commonly involve?
superficial veins of the leg
what is the cause of varicose veins?
valves failing to work properly and not preventing backflow
