Chapter 7 - Cardiovascular System

Question 1

State the flow of blood starting with the vena cava

Answer 1

(deoxygenated)inferior&superior vena cava –> Right Atrium –> tricuspid valve –> Right Ventricle –> Pulmonary Valve –> R&L Pulmonary Arteries –> Lungs –> (oxygenated) R&L Pulmonary Veins –> Left Atrium –> Mitral Valve –>Left Ventricle –> Aortic Valve –> Aorta –> Rest of Body

Question 2

what is the function of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 2

to supply blood to all the tissues of the body

Question 3

what’s another term for left atrioventricular valve?

Answer 3

mitral valve

Question 4

what’s another term for right atrioventricular valve?

Answer 4

tricuspid valve

Question 5

blood flow from the heart - rest of body - back to the heart

Answer 5

systemic circulation

Question 6

blow flow from the heart - lungs - back to the heart

Answer 6

pulmonary circulation

Question 7

partition that separates the right and left chambers

Answer 7

septum

Question 8

contraction of the heart

Answer 8

systole

Question 9

relaxation of the heart

Answer 9

diastole

Question 10

double membrane sac that surrounds the heart

Answer 10

pericardium

Question 11

heart muscle

Answer 11

myocardium

Question 12

blood vessels that develop to provide an alternative route around an obstruction

Answer 12

collaterals

Question 13

what are the layers of the heart from inside to outside

Answer 13

intima
muscular media
adventitia

Question 14

most common congenital cardiac defect

Answer 14

atrial septal defect

Question 15

allows shunting of blood from the high pressure left atria to the low pressure right atria

Answer 15

atrial septal defect

Question 16

congenital narrowing of aorta

Answer 16

coarctation

Question 17

accumulation of fatty material in a vessel

Answer 17

atherosclerosis

Question 18

results in narrowing of the lumen

Answer 18

atherosclerosis

Question 19

does atherosclerosis cause ischemia?

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

chest pain resulting from mild ischemia

Answer 20

angina

Question 21

what can atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries lead to?

Answer 21

MI(heart attack)

Question 22

what is a lesion?

Answer 22

plaque plus a cap

can rupture and becomes highly thrombogenic

Question 23

dilating an artery with a balloon&stent

Answer 23

angioplasty

Question 24

what does CABG stand for?

Answer 24

coronary artery bypass graft

Question 25

open heart surgery

Answer 25

CABG

Question 26

used to bypass coronary arteries that have a stenosis in CABG

Answer 26

veins from the legs (saphenous vein)

Question 27

what does hypertension lead to?

Answer 27

Congestive Heart Failure(CHF)

Question 28

what does CHF lead to?

Answer 28

pulmonary edema

Question 29

the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels

Answer 29

blood pressure

Question 30

what is normal blood pressure?

Answer 30

120/80

Question 31

what is the top number? | 120/80

Answer 31

systole

Question 32

the failure of the heart to provide the body with enough blood

Answer 32

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Question 33

what are the 2 main causes of CHF?

Answer 33

heart attack | high blood pressure

Question 34

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lung tissue

Answer 34

pulmonary edema

Question 35

accumulation of fluid in the pleural space

Answer 35

pleural effusion

Question 36

what is the radiographic appearance of pleural effusion?

Answer 36

blunting of the costophrenic angle

Question 37

an abnormal bulging of an artery

Answer 37

aneurysm

Question 38

separating of the layers of the aorta

Answer 38

dissection of the aorta

Question 39

what 2 layers of the aorta are separated with dissection?

Answer 39

intima & media

Question 40

results in true and false lumen

Answer 40

dissection of the aorta

Question 41

what is the result of A-fib?

Answer 41

thrombus in an artery

Question 42

blockage of a vessel caused by an object that has migrated from somewhere else in the body

Answer 42

embolism

Question 43

what is the most common kind of embolism?

Answer 43

thrombus

Question 44

where can a thrombus of the leg or right atrium travel?

Answer 44

pulmonary arteries causes a pulmonary embolism

Question 45

where can a thrombus from the left atrium travel?

Answer 45

any other organ in the body except lungs

Question 46

an inflammatory disease that damages the valves of the heart 2-3 weeks after certain infections (ex. strep throat)

Answer 46

rheumatic heart disease

Question 47

narrowing of the mitral valve

Answer 47

mitral valve stenosis

Question 48

when the mitral valve does not close properly

Answer 48

mitral valve insufficiency

Question 49

what 2 things are involved with mitral valve insufficiency?

Answer 49

left atrium | left ventricle

Question 50

narrowing of the aortic valve

Answer 50

aortic valve stenosis

Question 51

when the aortic valve does not close properly

Answer 51

aortic valve insufficiency

Question 52

what 2 things are involved with aortic valve insufficiency?

Answer 52

left ventricle | aorta

Question 53

accumulation of fluid within the peridcardial space

Answer 53

pericardial effusion

Question 54

what is performed to remove fluid buildup around the heart?

Answer 54

pericardiocentesis

Question 55

primarily involves the lower extremities

Answer 55

thrombus in a vein

Question 56

primary source of a pulmonary embolism

Answer 56

thrombus in a vein

Question 57

dilated tortuous vessels

Answer 57

varicose veins

Question 58

what vessels do varicose veins most commonly involve?

Answer 58

superficial veins of the leg

Question 59

what is the cause of varicose veins?

Answer 59

valves failing to work properly and not preventing backflow