Chapter 6 - Urinary System

Question 1

What are the function of the kidneys?

Answer 1

filter blood and produce urine
balance electrolytes
regulate blood pressure

Question 2

outer covering of the kidney

Answer 2

renal capsule

Question 3

outer layer of renal tissue

Answer 3

renal cortex

Question 4

inner layer of renal tissue

Answer 4

renal medulla

Question 5

about how many renal pyramids are there?

Answer 5

10

Question 6

extensions of cortex between the renal pyramids

Answer 6

renal columns

Question 7

where are the kidneys located?

Answer 7

retroperitoneal in contact with the posterior abdominal wall

Question 8

the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney

Answer 8

nephrons

Question 9

how many nephrons are in ONE kidney

Answer 9

1 million

Question 10

what 3 things does the nephron consist of?

Answer 10

glomerular capsule
glomerulus
renal tube

Question 11

what is another name for the glomerular capsule?

Answer 11

bowman’s capsule

Question 12

a cluster of capillaries in a nephron

Answer 12

glomerulus

Question 13

what actually filters the blood

Answer 13

glomerulus

Question 14

enters the glomerular capsule

Answer 14

afferent arteriole

Question 15

leaves the glomerular capsule

Answer 15

efferent arteriole

Question 16

what are the 4 parts to the renal tubule?

Answer 16

proximal convoluted tubule
loop of henle
distal convoluted tubule
collecting duct

Question 17

small cup-shaped tubes where the collecting ducts empty into

Answer 17

minor calyces

Question 18

about how many major calyces in each kidney?

Answer 18

2-3

Question 19

major calyces unite to form the _______.

Answer 19

renal pelvis

Question 20

blood in the urine

Answer 20

hematuria

Question 21

a smaller than normal amount of urine production

Answer 21

oliguria

Question 22

painful urination

Answer 22

dysuria

Question 23

pus in the urine

Answer 23

pyuria

Question 24

presence of excessive amount of urea and nitrogen in the blood

Answer 24

uremia

Question 25

absence of an organ

Answer 25

agenesis

Question 26

absence of a kidney

Answer 26

renal agenesis

Question 27

how does renal agenesis occer?

Answer 27

it’s congenital

Question 28

abnormal development account for small size

Answer 28

hypoplasia

Question 29

wasting away, results in diminished size

Answer 29

atrophy

Question 30

surgical removal of a kidney

Answer 30

nephrectomy

Question 31

an increase in size of a kidney because one kidney must compensate for the absence or lack of function of the other kidney

Answer 31

compensatory hypertrophy

Question 32

rotated kidney

Answer 32

malrotation

Question 33

abnormally positioned kidneys

Answer 33

ectopic kidney

Question 34

lower poles of kidney are joined

Answer 34

horseshoe kidney

Question 35

kidney with two ureters

Answer 35

duplication

Question 36

telescoping of the distal ureter into the bladder

Answer 36

ureterocele