Chapter 6 - Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the function of the kidneys?

A

filter blood and produce urine
balance electrolytes
regulate blood pressure

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2
Q

outer covering of the kidney

A

renal capsule

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3
Q

outer layer of renal tissue

A

renal cortex

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4
Q

inner layer of renal tissue

A

renal medulla

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5
Q

about how many renal pyramids are there?

A

10

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6
Q

extensions of cortex between the renal pyramids

A

renal columns

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7
Q

where are the kidneys located?

A

retroperitoneal in contact with the posterior abdominal wall

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8
Q

the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney

A

nephrons

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9
Q

how many nephrons are in ONE kidney

A

1 million

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10
Q

what 3 things does the nephron consist of?

A

glomerular capsule
glomerulus
renal tube

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11
Q

what is another name for the glomerular capsule?

A

bowman’s capsule

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12
Q

a cluster of capillaries in a nephron

A

glomerulus

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13
Q

what actually filters the blood

A

glomerulus

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14
Q

enters the glomerular capsule

A

afferent arteriole

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15
Q

leaves the glomerular capsule

A

efferent arteriole

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16
Q

what are the 4 parts to the renal tubule?

A

proximal convoluted tubule
loop of henle
distal convoluted tubule
collecting duct

17
Q

small cup-shaped tubes where the collecting ducts empty into

A

minor calyces

18
Q

about how many major calyces in each kidney?

19
Q

major calyces unite to form the _______.

A

renal pelvis

20
Q

blood in the urine

21
Q

a smaller than normal amount of urine production

22
Q

painful urination

23
Q

pus in the urine

24
Q

presence of excessive amount of urea and nitrogen in the blood

25
absence of an organ
agenesis
26
absence of a kidney
renal agenesis
27
how does renal agenesis occer?
it's congenital
28
abnormal development account for small size
hypoplasia
29
wasting away, results in diminished size
atrophy
30
surgical removal of a kidney
nephrectomy
31
an increase in size of a kidney because one kidney must compensate for the absence or lack of function of the other kidney
compensatory hypertrophy
32
rotated kidney
malrotation
33
abnormally positioned kidneys
ectopic kidney
34
lower poles of kidney are joined
horseshoe kidney
35
kidney with two ureters
duplication
36
telescoping of the distal ureter into the bladder
ureterocele