Chapter 4 - Fractures and Dislocations Flashcards
typically appears as a radiolucent line crossing the bone and disrupting the cortical margins
fracture
fracture with portion of the cortex intact
incomplete fracture
fracture with overlying skin intact
closed fracture
fracture with overlying skin disrupted (bone sticking out of skin)
open(compound) fracture
fracture that runs a course of approximately 45 degrees to the long axis of bone
oblique fracture
fracture that encircles the shaft
spiral fractures
fracture with small fragments torn from bony prominences
avulsion fractures
fracture composed of more than two fragments
comminuted fracture
fracture with compaction of bone that results in decreased height(vertebrae)
compression fracture
fracture that occurs in the skull or tibial plateau
depressed fracture
fracture not caused by force but rather some other pathologic process (tumor, infection, disease)
pathologic fracture
fracture with the cortex intact with buckling
torus(buckle) fracture
bowing of the bone due to force but not forceful enough to produce fracture
bowing fracture
no angulatio and seperation of bone fragments
undisplaced fracture
angulation and seperation of the bone fragments
displaced fracture
displacement of a bone from its normal articulation
dislocation
partial displacement
sublaxation
when the fracture is manipulated without surgical incision
closed reduction
splint or cast
external fixation
ORIF
open reduction internal fixation
metal plates, screws, wires, rods, nails
internal fixations
transverse fracture through the distal radius with dorsal angulation
colles’ fracture
fracture of the 5th metacarpal
boxers fracture
how do you know if the elbow is fractured?
you’ll see “fat pad signs” on the lateral projection of the elbow.