Chapter 4 - Fractures and Dislocations Flashcards
typically appears as a radiolucent line crossing the bone and disrupting the cortical margins
fracture
fracture with portion of the cortex intact
incomplete fracture
fracture with overlying skin intact
closed fracture
fracture with overlying skin disrupted (bone sticking out of skin)
open(compound) fracture
fracture that runs a course of approximately 45 degrees to the long axis of bone
oblique fracture
fracture that encircles the shaft
spiral fractures
fracture with small fragments torn from bony prominences
avulsion fractures
fracture composed of more than two fragments
comminuted fracture
fracture with compaction of bone that results in decreased height(vertebrae)
compression fracture
fracture that occurs in the skull or tibial plateau
depressed fracture
fracture not caused by force but rather some other pathologic process (tumor, infection, disease)
pathologic fracture
fracture with the cortex intact with buckling
torus(buckle) fracture
bowing of the bone due to force but not forceful enough to produce fracture
bowing fracture
no angulatio and seperation of bone fragments
undisplaced fracture
angulation and seperation of the bone fragments
displaced fracture
displacement of a bone from its normal articulation
dislocation
partial displacement
sublaxation
when the fracture is manipulated without surgical incision
closed reduction
splint or cast
external fixation
ORIF
open reduction internal fixation
metal plates, screws, wires, rods, nails
internal fixations
transverse fracture through the distal radius with dorsal angulation
colles’ fracture
fracture of the 5th metacarpal
boxers fracture
how do you know if the elbow is fractured?
you’ll see “fat pad signs” on the lateral projection of the elbow.
bimalleolar fracture
potts fracture
fracture of the medial and lateral malleoli and the distal posterior aspect of the tibia
trimalleolar fracture
fracture of the base of the 5th metatarsal
Jones fracture
if the shoulder is dislocated anteriorly, where will the humeral head be?
beneath the coracoid process
which type of dislocation is most common in hips?
posterior dislocation
a comminuted fracture of the ring of the atlas
Jeffersons fracture
fracture of C2 with anterior sublaxation of C2 on C3
Hangman’s fracture
avulsion fracture of a spinous process in the lower cervical or upper throracic spine
Clay shoveler’s fracture
common in the thoracolumbar spine
compression fractures
act as shock absorbers between the vertebrae
intervertebral disks
outer cartilage
annulus pulposus
central cartilage
nucleus pulposus
pain that radiates down the back of the thigh and lower leg
sciatica
caused by a herniated disk
sciatica
contrast injected into the spinal canal
myelography
a stress fracture of the pars interarticularis
spondylolysis
forward displacement of one vertebrae over a lower one
spondylolisthesis
wasting away of the disks in between the vertebral bodies
degenerative disk disease