Chapter 4 - Fractures and Dislocations Flashcards

1
Q

typically appears as a radiolucent line crossing the bone and disrupting the cortical margins

A

fracture

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2
Q

fracture with portion of the cortex intact

A

incomplete fracture

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3
Q

fracture with overlying skin intact

A

closed fracture

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4
Q

fracture with overlying skin disrupted (bone sticking out of skin)

A

open(compound) fracture

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5
Q

fracture that runs a course of approximately 45 degrees to the long axis of bone

A

oblique fracture

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6
Q

fracture that encircles the shaft

A

spiral fractures

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7
Q

fracture with small fragments torn from bony prominences

A

avulsion fractures

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8
Q

fracture composed of more than two fragments

A

comminuted fracture

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9
Q

fracture with compaction of bone that results in decreased height(vertebrae)

A

compression fracture

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10
Q

fracture that occurs in the skull or tibial plateau

A

depressed fracture

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11
Q

fracture not caused by force but rather some other pathologic process (tumor, infection, disease)

A

pathologic fracture

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12
Q

fracture with the cortex intact with buckling

A

torus(buckle) fracture

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13
Q

bowing of the bone due to force but not forceful enough to produce fracture

A

bowing fracture

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14
Q

no angulatio and seperation of bone fragments

A

undisplaced fracture

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15
Q

angulation and seperation of the bone fragments

A

displaced fracture

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16
Q

displacement of a bone from its normal articulation

A

dislocation

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17
Q

partial displacement

A

sublaxation

18
Q

when the fracture is manipulated without surgical incision

A

closed reduction

19
Q

splint or cast

A

external fixation

20
Q

ORIF

A

open reduction internal fixation

21
Q

metal plates, screws, wires, rods, nails

A

internal fixations

22
Q

transverse fracture through the distal radius with dorsal angulation

A

colles’ fracture

23
Q

fracture of the 5th metacarpal

A

boxers fracture

24
Q

how do you know if the elbow is fractured?

A

you’ll see “fat pad signs” on the lateral projection of the elbow.

25
bimalleolar fracture
potts fracture
26
fracture of the medial and lateral malleoli and the distal posterior aspect of the tibia
trimalleolar fracture
27
fracture of the base of the 5th metatarsal
Jones fracture
28
if the shoulder is dislocated anteriorly, where will the humeral head be?
beneath the coracoid process
29
which type of dislocation is most common in hips?
posterior dislocation
30
a comminuted fracture of the ring of the atlas
Jeffersons fracture
31
fracture of C2 with anterior sublaxation of C2 on C3
Hangman's fracture
32
avulsion fracture of a spinous process in the lower cervical or upper throracic spine
Clay shoveler's fracture
33
common in the thoracolumbar spine
compression fractures
34
act as shock absorbers between the vertebrae
intervertebral disks
35
outer cartilage
annulus pulposus
36
central cartilage
nucleus pulposus
37
pain that radiates down the back of the thigh and lower leg
sciatica
38
caused by a herniated disk
sciatica
39
contrast injected into the spinal canal
myelography
40
a stress fracture of the pars interarticularis
spondylolysis
41
forward displacement of one vertebrae over a lower one
spondylolisthesis
42
wasting away of the disks in between the vertebral bodies
degenerative disk disease