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PATHOLOGY 250 > Chapter 3 - Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Respiratory System Flashcards

0
Q

Which body habitus is the heart more vertical?

A

Asthenic

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1
Q

Which body habitus is the heart more transverse?

A

Hypersthetic

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2
Q

Means organs

A

Viscera

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3
Q

What is the function of the respiratory system?

A

Oxygenate the blood; supply the body with oxygen and rid it of carbon dioxide

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4
Q

What are the 3 main structures of the upper respiratory tract?

A

Nose
Mouth
Pharynx

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5
Q

Behind the nose

A

Nasopharynx

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6
Q

Behind the mouth

A

Oropharynx

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7
Q

The cavity behind the nose and mouth; the throat

A

Pharynx

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8
Q

The opening of the larynx

A

Glottis

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9
Q

Piece of cartilage that covers the larynx like a lid and prevents food from entering to larynx and trachea while swallowing

A

Epiglottis

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10
Q

2 main structures of the lower respiratory tract

A

Trachea

Lungs

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11
Q

Where gas exchanges take place in the lungs

A

Alveoli

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12
Q

Functional tissue of the lungs; made of alveoli

A

Parenchyma; interstitium

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13
Q

How many lobes in the right lung?

Left?

A

Right - 3

Left - 2

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14
Q

Area of the lung where things enter and exit

A

Hilum

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15
Q

Treatment for cystic fibrosis

A

Prophylactic antibiotics
Chest physiotherapy
Bronchodilators

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16
Q

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome due to a lack of surfactant; happens when the lungs aren’t fully developed

A

Hyaline Membrane Disease

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17
Q

What’s the radiographic appearance of hyaline membrane disease?

A

Air-Bronchogran

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18
Q

Treatment for hyaline membrane disease?

A

Infant inhales artificial surfactant

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19
Q

Swelling of the larynx characterized by a “barking cough”

A

Croup

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20
Q

Seen on a radiographic image as narrowing of the trachea

A

Croup

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21
Q

Inflammation of the epiglottis

A

Epiglottitis

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22
Q

Inflammation of the lung caused by several different kinds of bacteria or viruses out there

A

Pneumonia

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23
Q

How does pneumonia appear on a radiographic image?

A

Radiopaque patches

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24
Q

What is the treatment for pneumonia if it’s bacterial?

A

Antibiotics

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25
Q

What is the treatment for pneumonia if it’s viral?

A

Rest and hydration

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26
Q

A virus that is the most common cause of bronchopneumonia in infants

A

Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)

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27
Q

A localized collection of pus in the lungs

A

Lung abscess

28
Q

Has a protective waxy coat that permits it to love outside the body for a long time

Spreads by droplets

A

Tuberculosis

29
Q

What are the two types of TB?

What is the second type?

A

Primary and secondary

Re activated bacteria that were once dormant

30
Q

Fungal infection of the lung

A

Pulmonary mycosis

31
Q

Often produces a radiographic appearances simulating that of TB

A

Histoplasmosis

32
Q

What are the 2 types of pulmonary mycosis?

A

Histoplasmosis

Coccidiodomycosis

33
Q

Inflammation of the bronchi caused by smoking

A

Chronic bronchitis

34
Q

What causes COPD?

A

Smoking

35
Q

What’s another name for COPD?

A

Emphysema

36
Q

What causes the alveoli to to rupture?

A

Smoking

37
Q

What happens when the alveoli rupture?

A

Small air filled spaces become large air filled spaces

38
Q

What are the large air spaces from rupture alveoli called?

A

Bullae

39
Q

Over inflation of the lungs caused by air not being able to be exhaled

A

Emphysema(COPD)

40
Q

What happens to a patients chest with COPD?

A

They get barrel chested

41
Q

What should you do with the technique for a patient with COPD?

A

Decrease it

42
Q

Inflammation and narrowing or the airways caused by allergens

A

Asthma

43
Q

Caused by chronic inhalation of dust

A

Pneumoconiosis

44
Q

Inhalation of sand dust

A

Silicosis

45
Q

Inhalation of asbestos

A

Asbestosis

46
Q

Inhalation of coal dust

A

Anthracosis

47
Q

Partial or complete collapsed lung

A

Atelectasis

48
Q

What are the 3 causes of atelectasis?

A

Obstruction
compression
iatrogenic

49
Q

Air in the plueral cavity

A

Pneumothorax

50
Q

What does ET stand for?

A

Endotracheal

51
Q

What causes atelectasis?

A

Pneumothorax

52
Q

Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space

A

Pleural effusion

53
Q

Pus in the plural cavity

A

Empyema

54
Q

Inflammation of the pleura

A

Pleurisy

55
Q

Leads to pulmonary edema

A

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

56
Q

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lung tissue

A

Pulmonary edema

57
Q

Is caused by heart failure

A

Pulmonary edema

58
Q

Coughing up blood

A

Hemoptysis

59
Q

Lack of oxygen

A

Hypoxia

60
Q

Overly black appearance on a radiograph

A

Hyperlucency

61
Q

How does atelectasis appear on a radiographic image?

A

Radiopaque

62
Q

How does edema appear on a radiographic image?

A

Radiopaque

63
Q

How does empyema appear on a radiographic image?

A

Radiopaque

64
Q

How does pleural effusion appear on a radiographic image?

A

Radiopaque

65
Q

How does pneumonia appear on a radiographic image?

A

Radiopaque

66
Q

How does emphysema appear on a radiographic image?

A

Radiolucent

67
Q

How does pneumothorax appear on a radiographic image?

A

Radiolucent

PATHOLOGY 250 (9 decks)

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