Chapter 3 - Respiratory System Flashcards
Which body habitus is the heart more vertical?
Asthenic
Which body habitus is the heart more transverse?
Hypersthetic
Means organs
Viscera
What is the function of the respiratory system?
Oxygenate the blood; supply the body with oxygen and rid it of carbon dioxide
What are the 3 main structures of the upper respiratory tract?
Nose
Mouth
Pharynx
Behind the nose
Nasopharynx
Behind the mouth
Oropharynx
The cavity behind the nose and mouth; the throat
Pharynx
The opening of the larynx
Glottis
Piece of cartilage that covers the larynx like a lid and prevents food from entering to larynx and trachea while swallowing
Epiglottis
2 main structures of the lower respiratory tract
Trachea
Lungs
Where gas exchanges take place in the lungs
Alveoli
Functional tissue of the lungs; made of alveoli
Parenchyma; interstitium
How many lobes in the right lung?
Left?
Right - 3
Left - 2
Area of the lung where things enter and exit
Hilum
Treatment for cystic fibrosis
Prophylactic antibiotics
Chest physiotherapy
Bronchodilators
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome due to a lack of surfactant; happens when the lungs aren’t fully developed
Hyaline Membrane Disease
What’s the radiographic appearance of hyaline membrane disease?
Air-Bronchogran
Treatment for hyaline membrane disease?
Infant inhales artificial surfactant
Swelling of the larynx characterized by a “barking cough”
Croup
Seen on a radiographic image as narrowing of the trachea
Croup
Inflammation of the epiglottis
Epiglottitis
Inflammation of the lung caused by several different kinds of bacteria or viruses out there
Pneumonia
How does pneumonia appear on a radiographic image?
Radiopaque patches
What is the treatment for pneumonia if it’s bacterial?
Antibiotics
What is the treatment for pneumonia if it’s viral?
Rest and hydration
A virus that is the most common cause of bronchopneumonia in infants
Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)
A localized collection of pus in the lungs
Lung abscess
Has a protective waxy coat that permits it to love outside the body for a long time
Spreads by droplets
Tuberculosis
What are the two types of TB?
What is the second type?
Primary and secondary
Re activated bacteria that were once dormant
Fungal infection of the lung
Pulmonary mycosis
Often produces a radiographic appearances simulating that of TB
Histoplasmosis
What are the 2 types of pulmonary mycosis?
Histoplasmosis
Coccidiodomycosis
Inflammation of the bronchi caused by smoking
Chronic bronchitis
What causes COPD?
Smoking
What’s another name for COPD?
Emphysema
What causes the alveoli to to rupture?
Smoking
What happens when the alveoli rupture?
Small air filled spaces become large air filled spaces
What are the large air spaces from rupture alveoli called?
Bullae
Over inflation of the lungs caused by air not being able to be exhaled
Emphysema(COPD)
What happens to a patients chest with COPD?
They get barrel chested
What should you do with the technique for a patient with COPD?
Decrease it
Inflammation and narrowing or the airways caused by allergens
Asthma
Caused by chronic inhalation of dust
Pneumoconiosis
Inhalation of sand dust
Silicosis
Inhalation of asbestos
Asbestosis
Inhalation of coal dust
Anthracosis
Partial or complete collapsed lung
Atelectasis
What are the 3 causes of atelectasis?
Obstruction
compression
iatrogenic
Air in the plueral cavity
Pneumothorax
What does ET stand for?
Endotracheal
What causes atelectasis?
Pneumothorax
Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space
Pleural effusion
Pus in the plural cavity
Empyema
Inflammation of the pleura
Pleurisy
Leads to pulmonary edema
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lung tissue
Pulmonary edema
Is caused by heart failure
Pulmonary edema
Coughing up blood
Hemoptysis
Lack of oxygen
Hypoxia
Overly black appearance on a radiograph
Hyperlucency
How does atelectasis appear on a radiographic image?
Radiopaque
How does edema appear on a radiographic image?
Radiopaque
How does empyema appear on a radiographic image?
Radiopaque
How does pleural effusion appear on a radiographic image?
Radiopaque
How does pneumonia appear on a radiographic image?
Radiopaque
How does emphysema appear on a radiographic image?
Radiolucent
How does pneumothorax appear on a radiographic image?
Radiolucent