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PATHOLOGY 250 > Chapter 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 & 2 Flashcards

0
Q

Often put into multiple categories

A

Disease classifications

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1
Q

Study of disease

A

Pathology

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2
Q

Caused by a bacteria, virus, or fungus

A

Infectious

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3
Q

Present at birth

A

Congenital

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4
Q

Passed from parent to child

A

Hereditary

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5
Q

Develops after birth

A

Acquired

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6
Q

Dysfunction of the immune system; the body attacks itself

A

Autoimmune

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7
Q

Disturbance of normal functions of the body

A

Metabolic

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8
Q

Deterioration of the body associated with the aging process

A

Degenerative

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9
Q

Formation of tumors

A

Neoplastic

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10
Q

Caused by the physician

A

Iatrogenic

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11
Q

Caused by trauma

A

Traumatic

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12
Q

No known cause

A

Idiopathic

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13
Q

Anything that is wrong with the body

A

Disease

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14
Q

Changes that are measurable; objective

A

Signs

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15
Q

Changes that are not measurable; subjective

A

Symptoms

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16
Q

Acquired while hospitalized

A

Nosocomial infections

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17
Q

Acquired outside hospital

A

Community-acquired infections

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18
Q

What are the 6 reaction types to disease

A
  1. Inflammation
  2. Edema
  3. Ischemia
  4. Infarction
  5. Hemorrhage
  6. Alterations of cell growth (tumors)
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19
Q

The vascular response to bodily injury

A

Inflammation

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20
Q

5 clinical signs of inflammation

A
  1. Redness
  2. Heat
  3. Swelling
  4. Pain
  5. Loss of Function
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21
Q

What is redness and heat caused by?

A

Increased blood flow in the microcirculation at the site of injury

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22
Q

What is swelling and pain caused by?

A

Blood escapes from blood vessels and puts pressure on nerve endings

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23
Q

Usually in the lung, where fibrous scar tissue replaces the injured tissue; indicates an area of old inflammation

A

Granuloma

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24
Q

Invasion of the body by a disease-causing bacteria, virus, or fungus

A

Infection

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25
Q

The vascular response to bodily injury

A

Inflammation

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26
Q

Can you have inflammation without infection?

A

Yes

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27
Q

What causes inflammation?

A

Infection

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28
Q

Accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid

A

Edema

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29
Q

Restricted to a particular location

A

Localized

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30
Q

Pronounced swelling throughout the body

A

Generalized

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31
Q

Edema in the pleural space

A

Pleural effusion

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32
Q

Edema in the pericardial space

A

Pericardial effusion

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33
Q

Edema in the peritoneal space

A

Peritoneal ascites

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34
Q

A decreased supply of blood to an organ

A

Ischemia

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35
Q

Tissue death due to ischemia

A

Infarct

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36
Q

An area of dead tissue

A

Necrosis

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37
Q

Massive bleeding caused by a ruptured vessel

A

Hemorrhage

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38
Q

Blood in the pleural space

A

Hemothorax

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39
Q

Blood in the pericardial space

A

Hemopericardium

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40
Q

Blood in the peritoneal space

A

Henoperitoneum

41
Q

Blood in a joint

A

Hemarthrosis

42
Q

A collection of extravasated blood under the skin (superficial or deep)

A

Hematoma

43
Q

Leakage of fluid from a blood vessel into surrounding tissue

A

Extravasation

44
Q

Decrease in size or wasting away of a body part or tissue

A

Atrophy

45
Q

Increase in size of cells

A

Hypertrophy

46
Q

Small size due to abnormal growth and development

A

Hypoplasia and Aplasia

47
Q

Increase in the number of cells

A

Hyperplasia

48
Q

Abnormal growth or development; not smaller or bigger just not correct

A

Dysplasia

49
Q

New growth

A

Neoplasia

50
Q

Tumors

A

Neoplasms

51
Q

Study of tumors

A

Oncology

52
Q

Non cancerous but can still cause problems

A

Benign

53
Q

Benign tumor of fibrous tissue

A

Fibroma

54
Q

Benign tumor of cartilage

A

Chondroma

55
Q

Benign tumor of glandular tissue

A

Adenoma

56
Q

Benign tumor of cysts

A

Cystadenoma

57
Q

Benign tumor of fat

A

Lipoma

58
Q

Benign tumor of muscle

A

Myoma

59
Q

Benign tumor of blood vessels

A

Angioma

60
Q

Area of old inflammation

A

Granuloma

61
Q

Cancerous

A

Malignant

62
Q

Cancer that begins in the skin or linings of organs (skin, breast, lung, colon)

A

Carcinoma

63
Q

Cancer that begins in connective tissue (bone, muscle)

A

Sarcoma

64
Q

Cancer of the blood

A

Leukemia

65
Q

Uncontrolled growth of destructive cells

A

Cancer

66
Q

To spread to other sites

A

Metastasize

67
Q

Something that causes cancer (cigarettes, sun, X-rays)

A

Carcinogen

68
Q

Well defined tumor

A

Differentiated

69
Q

Tumor that is not well defined

A

Undifferentiated

70
Q

Cancer spread by way of the lymphatic system

A

Lymphatic spread

71
Q

Cancer spread by way of the blood vessels

A

Hematogenous spread

72
Q

Treatments for cancer

A

Surgery
Radiation therapy
Hormonal therapy
Chemotherapy

73
Q

Scar tissue that binds together two pieces of anatomy that are normally seperate (usually in the abdomen)

A

Adhesions

74
Q

Developing slowly and persisting for a long period

A

Chronic

75
Q

Sudden onset

A

Acute

76
Q

The study of the cause of disease

A

Etiology

77
Q

Identification of a disease

A

Diagnosis

78
Q

The prediction of the course of outcome of a disease (how much time)

A

Prognosis

79
Q

Generic term used to describe the many types of cellular changes that can occur in response to disease

A

Lesion

80
Q

Bacteria that leads to the formation of pus

A

Pyogenic bacteria

81
Q

A localized, usually encapsulated collection of pus

A

Abscess

82
Q

What does non invasive mean?

A

No break in the skin

83
Q

shows up black on an ultrasound

A

Hypoechoic

84
Q

shows up white on an ultrasound

A

Hyperechoic

85
Q

Major advantage to ultrasound?

A

Safety

86
Q

Cystic

A

Fluid

87
Q

Unobstructed; intact

A

Patent

88
Q

Narrowing

A

Stenosis

89
Q

What type of beam does CT use?

A

Attenuated

90
Q

What does window width refer to?

A

Contrast

91
Q

What does CTA stand for?

A

CT angiography

92
Q

What happens in MRI when rf pulse is on?

A

The protons in the body absorb energy

93
Q

What happens in MRI when rf pulse is off?

A

The protons of the body release that energy

94
Q

What does MRI use?

A

Algorithms

95
Q

The releasing of energy

A

Relaxation

96
Q

What is a radiopharmaceutical?

A

A drug that emits radiation

97
Q

What is the radiation detected by?

A

A gamma camera

98
Q

Displays physiological information

A

Nuclear medicine

99
Q

Type of nuc med that creates 3D images

A

SPECT

100
Q

Same as nuc med but meds are different

A

PET

PATHOLOGY 250 (9 decks)

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