Chapter 5 - GI

Question 0

Double-walled membranous sac that encloses the abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 0

Peritoneum

Question 1

Tube that extends from the mouth to the anus

Answer 1

Alimentary tract

Question 2

Space behind peritoneum

Answer 2

Retroperitoneum

Question 3

Largest gland in the body

Answer 3

Liver

Question 4

Which 2 vessels give the liver both it’s blood supply?

Answer 4

Hepatic artery

Portal vein

Question 5

Supplies oxygenated blood from the abdominal aorta

Answer 5

Hepatic artery

Question 6

Carries deoxygenated blood from digestive system to be filtered by the liver

Answer 6

Portal vein

Question 7

What is the primary function of the liver?

Answer 7

Production of bile

Question 8

What does the biliary system consist of?

Answer 8

Bile ducts and gallbladder

Question 9

How many hepatic ducts are in the liver?

Answer 9

2 (Right&Left)

Question 10

Which 2 ducts connect to form the common hepatic duct?

Answer 10

Right and left hepatic ducts

Question 11

Which 2 ducts unite to form the common bile duct?

Answer 11

Common hepatic duct

Cystic duct

Question 12

Which duct does the common bile duct unite with?

What is is called?

Answer 12

The pancreatic duct

Ampulla of Vater (hepatopancreatic ampulla)

Question 13

What controls the opening of the ampulla of vater into the duodenum

Answer 13

Sphincter of oddi

Question 14

Function of the gallbladder?

Answer 14

Store and concentrate bile

Question 15

The visualization of the interior of the GI tract with a fiber optic camera

Answer 15

Endoscopy

Question 16

Surgically created opening of the intestine through the abdominal wall for fecal passage

Answer 16

Colostomy

Question 17

An abnormal opening between the trachea and esophagus

Answer 17

Congenital Tracheoesophageal Fistula

Question 18

The esophagus ends in a blind pouch

Answer 18

Congenital esophageal atresia

Question 19

The absence of a normal body opening

Answer 19

Atresia

Question 20

What does GERD stand for?

Answer 20

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Question 21

What most commonly causes esophagitis?

Answer 21

GERD

Question 22

What is GERD?

Answer 22

Reflux of the stomach contents into te esophagus

Question 23

Dilated veins in the esophagus

Answer 23

Esophageal varices

Question 24

What are esophageal varices usually associated with?

Answer 24

Alcoholism

Question 25

Term that means an opening

Answer 25

Hiatus

Question 26

An abnormal protrusion of an organ through an opening

Answer 26

Hernia

Question 27

Protrusion of part of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm

Answer 27

Hiatal hernia

Question 28

The inability of the cardiac sphincter to relax

Answer 28

Achalasia

Question 29

Inflammation of the stomach

Answer 29

Gastritis

Question 30

Areas of erosion in the stomach or duodenum

Answer 30

Ulcers

Question 31

What is the best view for the duodenum?

Answer 31

RAO

Question 32

Congenital narrowing of the pyloric canal

Answer 32

Pyloric stenosis

Question 33

What are ulcers caused by?

Answer 33

Excessive stomach acid and bacteria

Question 34

What are the two types of inflammatory bowel disease?

Answer 34

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis

Question 35

Which inflammatory bowel disease is in the small bowel?

Answer 35

Crohn's disease

Question 36

Which inflammatory bowel disease is in the colon?

Answer 36

Ulcerative colitis

Question 37

Also known as Reginal Enteritis

Answer 37

Crohn's disease

Question 38

Usually in the terminal ileum but can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 38

Crohn's disease

Question 39

Which age group is Crohn's disease mostly common in?

Answer 39

Young adults

Question 40

What does early stage of Crohn's disease look like on an x-ray?

Answer 40

Cobblestone

Question 41

What does late stage of Crohn's disease look like on an x-ray?

Answer 41

String sign

Question 42

Prolapse of the bowel into itself "telescoping"

Answer 42

Intussuception

Question 43

Scar tissue that binds two pieces of anatomy that are normally separate

Answer 43

Adhesions

Question 44

Twisting of a bowel loop on itself

Answer 44

Volvulus

Question 45

"Obstruction "due to lack of peristalsis

Answer 45

Ileus

Question 46

Inflammation of the appendix

Answer 46

Appendicitis

Question 47

Out pouching's of the colon

Answer 47

Diverticulas

Question 48

Inflammation of the diverticula

Answer 48

Diverticulitis

Question 49

The condition of having several diverticula

Answer 49

Diverticulosis

Question 50

Escape of contrast from the normal lumen

Answer 50

Extravasation

Question 51

What does the radiographic appearance of diverticula look like?

Answer 51

Extravasation

Question 52

Abnormal growth that protrudes into the lumen of the bowel; precancerous

Answer 52

Polyps

Question 53

Inflammation of the colon only

Answer 53

Ulcerative colitis

Question 54

What's the radiographic appearance of ulcerative colitis?

Answer 54

Granular

Question 55

What's the radiographic difference between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis?

Answer 55

There are no "skip areas "

Question 56

What is chronic ulcerative colitis characterized by?

Answer 56

lead-pipe sign

Question 57

Diagnosed by a collection of symptoms and everything else is ruled out

Answer 57

Irritable bowel syndrome

Question 58

A functional disorder of the colon

Answer 58

Irritable bowel syndrome

Question 59

Usually caused by cancer

Answer 59

Large bowel obstruction

Question 60

What is cancer of the colon commonly characterized by?

Answer 60

"Apple-core" sign

Question 61

What is IBD?

Answer 61

Inflammatory bowel disease

Question 62

What are the two types of inflammatory bowel disease?

Answer 62

Crohn's disease | Ulcerated colitis

Question 63

What does IBS stand for?

Answer 63

Irritable bowel syndrome

Question 64

Is irritable bowel syndrome a functional problem or a mechanical problem?

Answer 64

Both

Question 65

What is irritable bowel syndrome characterized by?

Answer 65

Cramping | Diarrhea

Question 66

What is IBS caused by?

Answer 66

Peristalsis being too fast

Question 67

X-ray of the gallbladder; obsolete

Answer 67

Cholecystogram

Question 68

X-ray of the biliary ducts of the liver

Answer 68

Cholangiogram

Question 69

Surgical removal of the gallbladder

Answer 69

Cholecystectomy

Question 70

What are the two ways to have a cholecystectomy?

Answer 70

Laparoscopic | Open surgery

Question 71

The presence of gallstones

Answer 71

Cholelithiasis

Question 72

Inflammation of the gallbladder

Answer 72

Cholecystitis

Question 73

What is cholecystitis usually caused by?

Answer 73

Obstruction of the cystic duct by gallstone

Question 74

Varicose veins of the rectum

Answer 74

Hemorrhoids

Question 75

An end-stage liver disease usually caused by alcoholism

Answer 75

Cirrhosis

Question 76

What happens to the liver with cirrhosis?

Answer 76

Fibrous scar tissue replaces destroyed liver cells

Question 77

Free air in the peritoneal cavity

Answer 77

Pneumoperitoneum

Question 78

Why is the left lateral decubitus preferred over the right lateral decubitus?

Answer 78

Because free air contrasts with the liver and it shows up better in a left

Question 79

What are the 3 special procedures involving the biliary system?

Answer 79

PTC Post-op T-tube Cholangiography ERCP

Question 80

During a cholangiogram, where is the T-tube placed?

Answer 80

Common hepatic duct | Common bile duct

Question 81

What is cannulized during an ERCP?

Answer 81

The ampulla of Vater

Question 82

What is an ERCP used to visualize?

Answer 82

Abnormalities in the biliary system or pancreas

Question 83

Why is contrast injected in a cholangiogram after the gallbladder is removed?

Answer 83

To demonstrate the patency of the ducts in the status of the sphincter of Oddi