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PATHOLOGY 250 > Chapter 4 - Skeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Skeletal System Flashcards

0
Q

Cartilage that lines the bones at the joint

A

Articulate cartilage

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1
Q

Covers outer surface of bone

A

Periosteum

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2
Q

Shaft of bone

A

Diaphysis

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3
Q

Ends of bone

A

Epiphysis

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4
Q

Where the diaphysis and epiphysis meet

A

Metaphysis

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5
Q

Hollow area within diaphysis

A

Medullary cavity

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6
Q

Lines the medullary cavity

A

Endosteum

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7
Q

Outer layer of bone

A

Compact bone

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8
Q

Inner portion of bone

A

Spongy bone

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9
Q

Weblike structures of spongy bone filled with bone marrow

A

Trabeculae

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10
Q

A plate of cartilage that separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis in children

A

Epiphyseal plate

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11
Q

The cells that form bone; ossification

A

Osteoblasts

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12
Q

The cells that destroy bone; resorption

A

Osteoclasts

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13
Q

Small bony spurs

A

Osteophytes

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14
Q

Small fluid-filled sacs located near the joints that reduce friction cause by movement

A

Bursae

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15
Q

Inflammation of a joint

A

Arthritis

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16
Q

Has characteristics of two different vertebrae

A

Transitional vertebrae

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17
Q

May compress brachial nerve plexus of subclavian artery

A

Cervical rib

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18
Q

A disease that have many levels of severity; the spine fails to unite posteriorly

A

Spina bifida

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19
Q

What are the 3 levels of spina bifida

A
  1. Dimpling or tuft of hair
  2. Meningocele
  3. Myelomeningocele
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20
Q

Herniation of the meninges

A

Meningocele

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21
Q

Herniation of the meninges and spinal cord

A

Myelomeninocele

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22
Q

What is the radiographic appearance of spina bifida

A

Absence of laminae

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23
Q

“Marble bone disease”

A

Osteopetrosis

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24
Q

Too little of the bone is being re absorbed by the osteoclasts

A

Osteopetrosis

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25
Q

How does osteopetrosis show up on X-rays?

A

Bright white

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26
Q

“Brittle bones disease”

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

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27
Q

Usually wheel chair bound because their bones cannot support their body weight

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

28
Q

Bone disease that is congenital

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

30
Q

Incomplete acetabulum formation; only in infants

A

Congenital hip dysplasia

31
Q

What view can you detect hip dysplasia?

A

Bilateral cleaves (frog leg)

32
Q

Abnormal growth or development

A

Dysplasia

33
Q

What are the 2 most common types of arthritis?

A
  1. Rheumatoid Arthritis

2. Osteoarthritis

34
Q

When the body mistakenly attacks healthy tissue

A

Autoimmune disease

35
Q

Most common form of dwarfism

A

Achondroplasia

36
Q

incomplete formation of the acetabulum

A

congenital hip dysplasia

37
Q

which view does congenital hip dysplasia show up on?

A

bilateral cleaves (frog leg)

38
Q

abnormal growth or development

A

dysplasia

39
Q

what are the 2 most common types of arthritis?

A
  1. Rheumatoid Arthritis

2. Osteoarthritis

40
Q

what does the early radiographic appearance look like in rheumatoid arthritis?

A

periarticular radiolucency

41
Q

what does the end stage of rheumatoid arthritis look like?

A

crippling deformities

42
Q

what is another term for osteoarthritis?

A

degenerative joint disease

43
Q

loss of joint cartilage

A

osteoarthritis

44
Q

caused by “wear and tear” in old patients

A

osteoarthritis

45
Q

what does osteoarthritis look like on a radiographic image?

A

narrowing of joint space and irregular osteophytes

46
Q

small bony spurs

A

osteophytes

47
Q

fusion of the spine

A

ankylosing arthritis

48
Q

what happens with infectious arthritis?

A

joint space widens

49
Q

pus forming

A

pyogenic

50
Q

spread by way of blood stream

A

hematogenous route

51
Q

is gout hereditary?

A

yes

52
Q

what is bursitits?

A

inflammation of the bursae

53
Q

term that refers to the muscles and tendons that surround the humeral head area

A

rotator cuff

54
Q

causes an abnormal communication between the shoulder joint and the bursa

A

rotator cuff tear

55
Q

acute inflammation of the bone and bone marrow

A

osteomylitis

56
Q

what is osteomyelitis caused by?

A

bacteria

57
Q

how is osteomyelitis detected?

A

nuclear medicine within hours of onset

58
Q

usually caused by accelerated resorption of bone (osteoclast)

A

osteoporosis

59
Q

how does osteoporosis show up on an xray?

A

radiolucent

60
Q

what type of fracture is common with osteoporosis?

A

compression fractures of the spine

61
Q

softening of the bone

A

osteomalacia

62
Q

what is asteomalacia caused by?

A

vitamin D deficiancy

63
Q

osteomalacia in children

A

rickets

64
Q

a chronic disease believed to be caused by a “slow virus”

A

paget’s disease

65
Q

what is paget’s disease characterized by?

A

destruction of bone followed by a repairing process (destroying and building)

66
Q

fibrous tissue rapidly grows within the medullary cavity instead of in the bone marrow

A

fibrous dysplasia

67
Q

decreased blood supply to an organ

A

ischemia

68
Q

malignant

A

cancerous

69
Q

cancer that has spread to the bone

A

bone metastases

PATHOLOGY 250 (9 decks)

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