Chapter 4 - Skeletal System Flashcards
Cartilage that lines the bones at the joint
Articulate cartilage
Covers outer surface of bone
Periosteum
Shaft of bone
Diaphysis
Ends of bone
Epiphysis
Where the diaphysis and epiphysis meet
Metaphysis
Hollow area within diaphysis
Medullary cavity
Lines the medullary cavity
Endosteum
Outer layer of bone
Compact bone
Inner portion of bone
Spongy bone
Weblike structures of spongy bone filled with bone marrow
Trabeculae
A plate of cartilage that separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis in children
Epiphyseal plate
The cells that form bone; ossification
Osteoblasts
The cells that destroy bone; resorption
Osteoclasts
Small bony spurs
Osteophytes
Small fluid-filled sacs located near the joints that reduce friction cause by movement
Bursae
Inflammation of a joint
Arthritis
Has characteristics of two different vertebrae
Transitional vertebrae
May compress brachial nerve plexus of subclavian artery
Cervical rib
A disease that have many levels of severity; the spine fails to unite posteriorly
Spina bifida
What are the 3 levels of spina bifida
- Dimpling or tuft of hair
- Meningocele
- Myelomeningocele
Herniation of the meninges
Meningocele
Herniation of the meninges and spinal cord
Myelomeninocele
What is the radiographic appearance of spina bifida
Absence of laminae
“Marble bone disease”
Osteopetrosis
Too little of the bone is being re absorbed by the osteoclasts
Osteopetrosis
How does osteopetrosis show up on X-rays?
Bright white
“Brittle bones disease”
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Usually wheel chair bound because their bones cannot support their body weight
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Bone disease that is congenital
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Incomplete acetabulum formation; only in infants
Congenital hip dysplasia
What view can you detect hip dysplasia?
Bilateral cleaves (frog leg)
Abnormal growth or development
Dysplasia
What are the 2 most common types of arthritis?
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
2. Osteoarthritis
When the body mistakenly attacks healthy tissue
Autoimmune disease
Most common form of dwarfism
Achondroplasia
incomplete formation of the acetabulum
congenital hip dysplasia
which view does congenital hip dysplasia show up on?
bilateral cleaves (frog leg)
abnormal growth or development
dysplasia
what are the 2 most common types of arthritis?
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
2. Osteoarthritis
what does the early radiographic appearance look like in rheumatoid arthritis?
periarticular radiolucency
what does the end stage of rheumatoid arthritis look like?
crippling deformities
what is another term for osteoarthritis?
degenerative joint disease
loss of joint cartilage
osteoarthritis
caused by “wear and tear” in old patients
osteoarthritis
what does osteoarthritis look like on a radiographic image?
narrowing of joint space and irregular osteophytes
small bony spurs
osteophytes
fusion of the spine
ankylosing arthritis
what happens with infectious arthritis?
joint space widens
pus forming
pyogenic
spread by way of blood stream
hematogenous route
is gout hereditary?
yes
what is bursitits?
inflammation of the bursae
term that refers to the muscles and tendons that surround the humeral head area
rotator cuff
causes an abnormal communication between the shoulder joint and the bursa
rotator cuff tear
acute inflammation of the bone and bone marrow
osteomylitis
what is osteomyelitis caused by?
bacteria
how is osteomyelitis detected?
nuclear medicine within hours of onset
usually caused by accelerated resorption of bone (osteoclast)
osteoporosis
how does osteoporosis show up on an xray?
radiolucent
what type of fracture is common with osteoporosis?
compression fractures of the spine
softening of the bone
osteomalacia
what is asteomalacia caused by?
vitamin D deficiancy
osteomalacia in children
rickets
a chronic disease believed to be caused by a “slow virus”
paget’s disease
what is paget’s disease characterized by?
destruction of bone followed by a repairing process (destroying and building)
fibrous tissue rapidly grows within the medullary cavity instead of in the bone marrow
fibrous dysplasia
decreased blood supply to an organ
ischemia
malignant
cancerous
cancer that has spread to the bone
bone metastases
