Chapter 7: Axial Skeleton Flashcards
bones, skeletal, and joints
musculoskeletal system
branch of medicine
orthopedics
206 Bones
Adult Bones
80 bones
axial skeleton
126 bones
appendicular skeleton
length, extremities
long bones
absorbs stress
curve bones
long bones, diaphyses, spongy
compact bones
cube shaped, spongy
short bones
thin, parallel plates
flat bones
complex, ungrouped
irregular bones
tendons
sesamoid bones
structural features, present in adult
surface markings
Narrow slit
fissure
ligament pass
foramen
shallow depression
fossa
furrow
sulcus
tubelike
meatus
protuberance
condyle
slightly concave and convex
facet
articular, neck
head
prominent ridge
crest
roughened projection
epicondyle
narrow ridge
line
sharp, slender
spinous process
large projections
trochanter
variably size rounded projection
tubercle
variable size, rough and bumpy
tuberosity
bony framework, 22 bones
Skull
closes and protects 🧠, STEP OF
cranial bones
My Mouth’s Palate Never Liked Zucchini In Vinegar
facial bone
forehead, orbits
frontal bone
age 6 to 12
metopic suture
scale-like
frontal squama
superior margin
supraorbital margin
medial, artery & vein
supraorbital notch or foramen
frontal squama
frontal sinuses
2 Type of Parietal Bone
Parietal Bone; Greater portions of the side and Roof of the Cranial Cavity
Cranium, Protect
Temporal Bones
long arched process
Zygomatic process
Concave articular, interacts
mandibular fossa
eminence mandibular
articular tubercle
posterior of temporal bones
mastoid portion
communicate, ear
Mastoid Air Cells
inflammation, ear
mastoiditis
cone-shaped
Mastoid process
opening of (VII) & (VIII)
internal auditory meatus
attachment, tongue and neck
styloid process
triangular, hearing
petrous process
CRANIUM
Occipital Bone
largest foramen, cranial fossa
foramen magnum
oval/convex, yes
occipital condyle
occipital medial, nerves
hypoglossal canal
- the most prominent midline projection on the posterior surface of the bone just above the foramen magnum
external occipital protuberance
- lies at the middle part of the base of the skull
- This is also called the keystone of the cranial floor
sphenoid bone
- a bony saddle-shaped structure on the superior surface of the body of the sphenoid
sella turcica
- The anterior part of the sella turcica, which forms the horn of the saddle, is a ridge
tuberculum sellae
- The seat of the saddle is a depression
- contains the pituitary gland. The posterior part of the sella turcica, which forms the back of the saddle, is another ridge called the dorsum sellae
hypophyseal fossa
- project laterally from the body and form the anterolateral floor of the cranium
greater wings of the sphenoid bone
- which are smaller, form a ridge of bone anterior and superior to the greater wings.
- Forms the floor of the cranium and posterior orbit of the eye
lesser wings of the sphenoid bone
- through which the optic (II) nerve and ophthalmic artery pass into the orbit.
optic foramen or canal
- This fissure may also be seen in the anterior view of the orbit
- Blood vessels and cranial nerves pass through this fissure.
supraorbital fissure
- project inferiorly from the points where the body and greater wings of the sphenoid bone unite
pterygoid process
- At the base of the lateral pterygoid process in the greater wing
foramen ovale
- covered in part by a layer of fibrocartilage in living subjects
- It transmits a branch of the ascending pharyngeal artery
foramen lacerum
- The maxillary branch of the trigeminal (V) nerve passes through the foramen rotundum.
- Anterior and medial parts of the sphenoid
foramen rotundum
- a delicate bone located in the anterior part of the cranial floor medial to the orbits and is spongelike in appearance
ethmoid bone
- a partition that divides the nasal cavity into right and left sides
nasal septum
- anterior floor of the cranium and forms the roof of the nasal cavity
- The cribriform plate contains the olfactory foramina through which the olfactory nerves pass.
cribriform plate
- which serves as a point of attachment for the falx cerebri, the membrane that separates the two sides of the brain.
- Triangular process
crista galli
- which forms the superior portion of the nasal septum
perpendicular plate
- ethmoid bone compose most of the wall between the nasal cavity and the orbits
- contain 3 to 18 air spaces called ethmoidal cells
- two scroll like shaped
lateral masses
- small, flattened, rectangular-shaped bones that form the bridge of the nose
- These small bones protect the upper entry to the nasal cavity and provide attachment for a couple of thin muscles of facial expression
nasal bone
- are thin and roughly resemble a fingernail in size and shape
- These bones, the smallest bones of the face, are posterior and lateral to the nasal bones and form a part of the medial wall
lacrimal bone
- Two L-shaped
- form the posterior portion of the hard palate, part of the floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity, and a small portion of the floors of the orbits
palatine bone
- which are inferior to the middle nasal conchae of the ethmoid bone, are separate bones, not part of the ethmoid bone
- scroll-like bones
inferior nasal conchae
- a roughly triangular bone on the floor of the nasal cavity that articulates superiorly with the perpendicular plate
vomer
- unite to form the upper jawbone
- They articulate with every bone of the face except the mandible (lower jawbone)
maxillae
- the bony roof of the mouth, and is formed by the palatine processes of the maxillae and horizontal plates of the palatine bones
hard plate
- that empties into the nasal cavity
maxillary sinus
- a ridgelike arch that contains the alveoli (sockets) for the maxillary (upper) teeth
alveolar process
- horizontal projection of the maxilla that forms the anterior three-quarters of the hard palate.
palatine
- an opening in the maxilla inferior to the orbit, allows passage of the infraorbital blood vessels and nerve, a branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal (V) nerve.
infraorbital foramen
- posterior to the incisor teeth
- It transmits branches of the greater palatine blood vessels and nasopalatine nerve
incisive foramen
- structure associated with the maxilla and sphenoid bone
- located between greater wing shaped of the sphenoid and maxilla
inferior orbital fissure
- Cheekbones
- They articulate with the frontal, maxilla, sphenoid, and temporal bones.
zygomatic bones
- projects posteriorly and articulates with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone to form the zygomatic arch
temporal process
- lower jawbone, is the largest, strongest facial bone
- only movable skull bone (other than the auditory ossicles, the small bones of the ear).
manible
- an anterior coronoid process (KOR-ō-noyd) to which the temporalis muscle attaches
TMJ
