CHAPTER 2.8

Question 1

large molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Some proteins also contain sulfur

Answer 1

proteins

Question 2

monomers of protein

Answer 2

amino acids

Question 3

Form structural framework of various parts of body.

Answer 3

structural

Question 4

Function as hormones that regulate various physiological processes; control growth and development; as neurotransmitters, mediate responses of nervous system.

Answer 4

Regulatory

Question 5

Allow shortening of muscle cells, which produces movement.

Answer 5

contractile

Question 6

Aid responses that protect body against foreign substances and invading pathogens.

Answer 6

immunological

Question 7

Carry vital substances throughout body.

Answer 7

transport

Question 8

Act as enzymes that regulate biochemical reactions.

Answer 8

catalytic

Question 9

The covalent bond joining each pair of amino acids

Answer 9

peptide bonds

Question 10

two amino acid combine

Answer 10

dipeptide

Question 11

adding amino acid to dipeptide is called

Answer 11

tripeptide

Question 12

adding amino acids chain like (4-9 amino acids)

Answer 12

peptide

Question 13

amino acids with 10-2000 or more

Answer 13

polypeptide

Question 14

unique sequence of amino acids that are linked by covalent peptide bonds to form a polypeptide chain

Answer 14

primary structure

Question 15

protein is the repeated twisting or folding of neighboring amino acids in the polypeptide chain

Answer 15

secondary structure

Question 16

what are the two common secondary structures

Answer 16

alpha helixes (clock- wise spirals) and beta pleated sheets.

Question 17

refers to the three- dimensional shape of a polypeptide chain.

Answer 17

tertiary structure

Question 18

the arrangement of the individual polypeptide chains relative to one another

Answer 18

quaternary structure

Question 19

insoluble in water and their polypeptide chains form long strands that are parallel to each other.

Answer 19

fibrous proteins

Question 20

are more or less soluble in water and their polypeptide chains are spherical (globular) in shape.

Answer 20

globular proteins

Question 21

a protein encounters an altered environment, it may unravel and lose its characteristic shape

Answer 21

denaturation

Question 22

most catalysts are protein molecules

Answer 22

enzyme

Question 23

protein portion

Answer 23

apo enzymes

Question 24

non protein portion

Answer 24

cofactor

Question 25

the part of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction

Answer 25

active site