CHAPTER 2.7

Question 1

make up (____) of body mass in lean adults. Like carbohydrates, lipids contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Answer 1

18-25%

Question 2

second important group of organic compounds

Answer 2

lipids

Question 3

resulting lipid–protein com- plexes are termed

Answer 3

lipoproteins

Question 4

Used to synthesize triglycerides and phospholipids or catabolized to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Answer 4

Fatty Acids

Question 5

Protection, insulation, energy storage.

Answer 5

Triglycerides

Question 6

Major lipid component of cell membranes.

Answer 6

Phospholipids

Question 7

Minor component of all animal cell membranes; precursor of bile salts, vitamin D, and steroid hormones.

Answer 7

Cholesterol

Question 8

Needed for digestion and absorption of dietary lipids.

Answer 8

Bile Salts

Question 9

Helps regulate calcium level in body; needed for bone growth and repair.

Answer 9

Vit d

Question 10

Help regulate metabolism, resistance to stress, and salt and water balance.

Answer 10

adrenocortical hormones

Question 11

Have diverse effects on modifying responses
to hormones, blood clotting, inflammation, immunity, stomach acid secretion, airway diameter, lipid breakdown, and smooth muscle contraction.

Answer 11

eicosanoids

Question 12

Needed for synthesis of vitamin A (used to make visual pigments in eye); function as antioxidants.

Answer 12

carotenes

Question 13

Promotes wound healing, prevents tissue scarring, contributes to normal structure and function of nervous system, and functions as antioxidant.

Answer 13

vit e

Question 14

Required for synthesis of blood-clotting proteins.

Answer 14

vit k

Question 15

Transport lipids in blood, carry triglycerides and cholesterol to tissues, and remove excess cholesterol from blood.

Answer 15

Lipoproteins

Question 16

simplest lipids

Answer 16

fatty acids

Question 17

only single covalent bonds between the carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon chain.

Answer 17

saturated fatty acids

Question 18

one or more double covalent bonds between the carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon chain.

Answer 18

unsaturated fatty acids

Question 19

most plentiful lipids

Answer 19

triglycerides

Question 20

triglyceride that is a solid at room temperature.

Answer 20

fat

Question 21

fat that mainly con- sists of saturated fatty acids is called a

Answer 21

saturated fat

Question 22

triglyceride that is a liquid at room temperature.

Answer 22

oil

Question 23

triglycerides that mostly consist of mon- ounsaturated fatty acids.

Answer 23

monounsaturated fatty acids

Question 24

contain triglycerides that mostly consist of poly- unsaturated fatty acids.

Answer 24

polyunsaturated fatty acids

Question 25

have a glycerol back- bone and two fatty acid chains attached to the first two carbons.

Answer 25

phospholipids

Question 26

have four rings of carbon atoms

Answer 26

steroids

Question 27

Stimulate reproductive functions and sexual characteristics.

Answer 27

sex hormones