CHAPTER 2.7 Flashcards
make up (____) of body mass in lean adults. Like carbohydrates, lipids contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
18-25%
second important group of organic compounds
lipids
resulting lipid–protein com- plexes are termed
lipoproteins
Used to synthesize triglycerides and phospholipids or catabolized to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Fatty Acids
Protection, insulation, energy storage.
Triglycerides
Major lipid component of cell membranes.
Phospholipids
Minor component of all animal cell membranes; precursor of bile salts, vitamin D, and steroid hormones.
Cholesterol
Needed for digestion and absorption of dietary lipids.
Bile Salts
Helps regulate calcium level in body; needed for bone growth and repair.
Vit d
Help regulate metabolism, resistance to stress, and salt and water balance.
adrenocortical hormones
Have diverse effects on modifying responses
to hormones, blood clotting, inflammation, immunity, stomach acid secretion, airway diameter, lipid breakdown, and smooth muscle contraction.
eicosanoids
Needed for synthesis of vitamin A (used to make visual pigments in eye); function as antioxidants.
carotenes
Promotes wound healing, prevents tissue scarring, contributes to normal structure and function of nervous system, and functions as antioxidant.
vit e
Required for synthesis of blood-clotting proteins.
vit k
Transport lipids in blood, carry triglycerides and cholesterol to tissues, and remove excess cholesterol from blood.
Lipoproteins
simplest lipids
fatty acids
only single covalent bonds between the carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon chain.
saturated fatty acids
one or more double covalent bonds between the carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon chain.
unsaturated fatty acids
most plentiful lipids
triglycerides
triglyceride that is a solid at room temperature.
fat
fat that mainly con- sists of saturated fatty acids is called a
saturated fat
triglyceride that is a liquid at room temperature.
oil
triglycerides that mostly consist of mon- ounsaturated fatty acids.
monounsaturated fatty acids
contain triglycerides that mostly consist of poly- unsaturated fatty acids.
polyunsaturated fatty acids
have a glycerol back- bone and two fatty acid chains attached to the first two carbons.
phospholipids
have four rings of carbon atoms
steroids
Stimulate reproductive functions and sexual characteristics.
sex hormones
