chapter 7 and Chapter 8 Flashcards
What is the body growth and change in middle and late childhood (6-11)?
Slow and consistent growth. Grow on average 2-3 inches per year and gain about 5-7 lbs per year. Strength capabilities are doubled during this time.
Changes in the brain from 6-11.
advances in the prefrontal cortex are linked to children’s improved attention, reasoning and cognitive control.
Motor development and exercise from 6-11.
become much smoother and more coordinated. gain greater control over their bodies and can sit for longer periods of time, but still need to be active. They become more fatigued by long periods of sitting than by running, jumping, or bicycling. Around the age of 6 start organized play.
Health, illness and disease, 6-11
for the most part, a time of excellent health
6-11, accidents and injuries
most common cause of severe injury and death. kids and parents overestimate their skills and abilities
increased risk of accidents are due to
children are more active, #1 caused by being hit while riding a bike and not wearing a helmet.
What is the second leading cause of death in US children?
cancer, one in every 330 children in the US develops cancer before the age of 19 - the most common cancer is leukemia.
Overweight children
obese children become obese adolescent (25%), obese adolescents become obese adults (75%)
eating habits and lifestyle habits begin in childhood.
obesity is a risk factor for many physical and psychological problems.
What percentage of children in the US receive special education or related services?
14%, of this the largest percentage are kids with learning (ADHD included in this category), followed by speech or language impairments, mentally retarded and emotionally disturbed.
Until what year did most US public schools either refused enrollment to children with disabilities or inadequately serve them?
1970s
What year was The Education for All Handicapped Children Act ,which required that all students with disabilities be given free, appropriate public education, started ?
in 1975
The Education for All Handicapped Children act became the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act in
1990
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act was renamed the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act in 2004, it mandates
services such as an IEP, individualized education plant and the least restrictive environment (LRE).
Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory , concrete operations (7-11)
are also mental actions that are reversible. They can coordinate several characteristics rather than focus on a single property of an object. They can classify or divide things into different sets or subsets and to consider their interrelationships. Less egocentric, starts at age 9, empathy starts to build. And are able to distinguish between fantasy and reality.
What are operations?
mental actions that allow children to do mentally what they had done physically before.
Achievement in school
Learn best by doing
learning occurs naturally, should not push or pressure kids into achieving too much too early in their development, before they are maturationally ready.
Factors that affect school success
heredity, physical, learning disabilities, achievement motivation, dysfunctional family relationships and divorce, one -parent families, socioeconomic influences and self-fulfilling prophecy
heredity and school success
- IQ, 70% difference due to genetics; temperament, the inability to pay attention is the number 1 behavior issue affecting school success
school success and physical
- nutrition, influences brain development, vision and hearing, being tired
learning disabilities
improper diagnosis or late diagnosis undermines self-efficacy
self-efficacy
the belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes. critical factor in achievement, real life accomplishments
self-regulation
deliberate efforts to manage one’s behavior, emotions and thoughts, leading to increased social competence and achievement.