CHAPTER 7 Flashcards
A disorder in which cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of blood vessels, forming plaque, eventually leading to partical or complete blockage of blood flow
atherosclerosis
Injury caused by pressure to enclosed body surfaces, for example, from too much pressure in the lungs
barotrauma
A type of reasoning in which a child looks for approval from peers and society
conventional reasoning
A young adult age 19-40 year
early adult
Areas where the neonate’s infant’s skill has not fused together; usually disappear at approximately 18 months of age
fontanelles
A young child age 1 month to 1 year
infant
The average number of years a person can be expected to live
life expectancy
An adult age 41 to 60 years
middle adult
An infant reflex in which, when an infant is caught off guard, the infant opens his/her arms wide, spread the fingers and seems to grab at things
Moro reflex
A newborn age birth to 1 month
neonate
The basic filtering units in the kidneys
nephrons
An adult age 61 years or older
older adult
An infant reflex that occurs when something is placed in the infant’s palm; the infant grasps the object
palmar grasp
A type of reasoning in which a child bases decisions on his or her conscience
postconventional reasoning
A type of reasoning in which a child acts almost purely to avoid punishment to get what he or she wants
preconventional reasoning
Children between ages 3 to 6 years
preschool-age
An infant reflex that occurs when something touches an infant’s cheek, and the infant instinctively turns his or her head toward the touch
rooting reflex
A person who is 6-12 years of age
school-age
An infant reflex in which the infant starts sucking when his or her lips are stroked
sucking reflex
A child age 1-3 years
toddler
Refers to a stage of development from birth to approximately 18 months of age, during which infants gain trust of their parents or caregivers if their world is planned, organized & routine
trust and mistrust
Prior to birth, fetal circulation occurs through the ______
placenta
Vital signs for neonate (0-1 month)?
90-180 pulse rate beats/m
30-60 respirations breaths/m
50-70 systolic pressure mm Hg
98-100 Temp
Vital signs for an infant (1m-1y)?
100-160 pulse rate beats/m
25-50 respirations breaths/m
70-95 systolic pressure mm Hg
96.8-99.6 Temp
Vital signs for an toddler (1-3)?
90-150 pulse rate beats/m
20-30 respirations breaths/m
80-100 systolic pressure mm Hg
96.8-99.6 Temp
Vital signs for preschool age (3-6)?
80-140 pulse rate beats/m
20-25 respirations breaths/m
80-100 systolic pressure mm Hg
98.6 Temp
Vital signs for school age (6-12)?
70-120 pulse rate beats/m
15-20 respirations breaths/m
80-110 systolic pressure mm Hg
98.6 Temp
Vital signs for an adolescent (12-18)?
60-100 pulse rate beats/m
12-20 respirations breaths/m
90-110 systolic pressure mm Hg
98.6 Temp
Vital signs for an early adult (19-40)?
60-100 pulse rate beats/m
12-20 respirations breaths/m
90-140 systolic pressure mm Hg
98.6 Temp
Vital signs for a middle adult (41-60)?
60-100 pulse rate beats/m
12-20 respirations breaths/m
90-140 systolic pressure mm Hg
98.6 Temp
Vital signs for an older adult (61+)?
60-100 pulse rate beats/m
12-20 respirations breaths/m
90-140 systolic pressure mm Hg
98.6 Temp
At what stage do infants begin to recognize familiar faces ; tracks objects with eyes?
2 months
At what stage do infants begin to brings objects to mouth ; smiles and frowns?
3 months
At what stage do infants begin to reaches out to people ; drools?
4 months
At what stage do infants begin to sleeps through the night; recognizes family members from strangers?
5 months
At what stage do infants begin to teething; sits upright ; speaks one-syllable words?
6 months
At what stage do infants begin to afraid of strangers; mood swings?
7 months
At what stage do infants begin to responds to “no”; can sit alone; plays peek-a-boo?
8 months
At what stage do infants begin to pulls up to stand; places objects in mouth to explore them?
9 months
At what stage do infants begin to respond to his or her name and crawl efficiently?
10 months
At what stage do infants begin to start to walk without help; frustrated with restrictions?
11 months
At what stage do infants begin to know his or her name and walk?
12 months
The formation of a close, personal relationship, is usually based on a secure attachment.
Bonding
This attachment occurs when an infant understands that parents or caregivers will respond to their needs.
Secure attachment
This attachment is observed in infants who are repeatedly rejected. They often develop an isolated lifestyle where they do not depend on others for support and care.
Anxious-avoidant attachment
This type of anxiety is common in older infants, 10-18 months, that occurs with a fear of unfamiliar places and people.
Separation anxiety
In a 72 y/o patient, what is likely to cause a fall?
hypotension
In a 72 y/0 patient, what should be expected when you assess their pupils?
Slower pupillary reaction
Changes in what body system can result in the most debilitating of age-related illnesses?
nervous
What affects vital signs the most in older adults?
overall health of patient
Who provides the most care for older adults in the US?
family members
A 72 y/o patients falls, what influence will medications the patients takes have on the portential reason for the fall?
The medication side effects. Some cause dizziness, weakness or hypotension.
Describe some of the contributors that affect life expectancy?
Year you were born, country you were born in. Based on public health advances, diets, attitude towards exercise, advances in medical care, attitude to medical care and personal behavior. Overall health, medical conditions and medications
List at least 3 psychological issues people experience during late adulthood?
Rising costs of healthcare, mortality, death of friends and loved ones, isolation and depression.
Why is there an increased need for additional extended care facilities?
The increasing number of older adults in the US as a result of the baby boom has produced a need for additional extended care facilities
What is the decline in kidney function between ages of 20-90 years?
50%
What is a nervous system change commonly found in older adults?
Deterioration of nerve endings
Maturation of the reproductive system usually takes place during:
Adolescence
What do middle adults tend to focus their time and energy on?
Achieving life goals
What is the estimated maximum life expectancy for humans?
120 years
When encountering a patient with depressed frontanelles, you should suspect:
dehydration
The volume of air moved during the deepst points of respiration?
Vital capacity
Diastolic blood pressure tends to increase/decrase with age?
Increase
Most older adults can hear ____ and see _____
well, clearly
A neonates head accounts for __% of it’s body weight
25%
Changes in gastci and intestinal function may inhibit ____ intake and utilization in ___ adults
Nutritional, older
Among older adults, ___ function in the 5 years preceding death is presumed to decline
mental
Why does breathing become more labor intensive among older adults?
As people age, the size of the airway increases and the surface are of the alveoli decrease as does the natural elasticity of the lungs, forcing individuals to increasingly use the muscles between their ribs. As the elasticity of the lungs decreases, the overall strength of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm also decreases.
The 9 basic stages of life:
Neonate Infant Toddler Preschool Age School age Adolescent Early adult Middle adult Late adult
