CHAPTER 10 Flashcards
The upper tract or the passage above the larynx, which includes the nose, mouth and throat
airway
The volume of air moved through the lungs in 1 minute minus the dead space; calculated by multiplying tidal volume (minus dead space) and respiratory rate
alveolar minute volume
The volume of air that reaches the alveoli. It is determined by subratracting the amount of dead space air from the tidal volume
alveolar ventilation
A safety system for large oxygen cylinders, designed to prevent the accidental attachment of a regulator to a cylinger containing the wrong type of gas
American Standard Safety System
Absence of spontaneous breathing
apnea
In the context of airway, the introduction of vomitus or other foreign material in the lungs
aspiration
Irregular, ineffective respirations that may or may not have an identifiable pattern
ataxic respirations
A ventilation device attached to a control box that allows the variables of ventilation to be set. It frees the EMT to perform other tasks while the patient is being ventilated
automatic transport ventilator
A device with a 1 way valve and a mask attached to a ventilation bag; when attached to a reservoir and connected to oxygen, it delivers more than 90% supplemental oxygen
bag-valve mask
A protective item, such as a pocket mask with a valve, that limits exposure to a patient’s body bluids
barrier device
Subdivision of the smaller bronchi in the lungs; made of smooth muscle and dilate or contrict in response to various stimuli
bronchioles
The use of a capnometer, a device that measures the amount of expired carbon dioxide
capnometry
Point at which the trachea bifurcates (divides) into the left and right mainstem bronchi
carina
Monitor the levels of o2, co2, and the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid and then provide feedback to the respiratory centers to modify the rate and depth of breathing based on the body’s needs at any given time
chemoreceptors
The ability of the alveoli to expand when air is drawn in during inhalation
compliance
A method of ventilation used primarily in the treatment of critically ill patients with respiratory distress; can prevent the need for endotracheal intubation
continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
The amount of carbon dioxide present at the end of an exhaled breath
end-tidal co2
The passive part of the breathing process in which the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles relax, forcing air out of the lungs
exhalation
The exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood cells in the pulmonary capillaries; also called pulmonary respiration
external respiration
A normal reflex mechanism that causes retching; activated by touching the soft palate or the back of the throat
gag reflex
A condition in which air fills the somach, often a result of high volume and pressure during artificial ventilation
gastric distention
A term used to distinguish the degree of distress in a patient with a mild airway obstruction. With this, the patient is still conscious and able to cough forecfully, although wheezing may be heard
good air exchange
A combination of two movements to open the airway by tilting the forehead back and lifting the chin; not used for trauma patients
head tilt-chin maneuver
Increase carbon dioxide level in the bloodstream
hypercarbia
A dangerous condition in which the body’s tissues and cells do not have enough oxygen
hypoxia
The active, muscular part of breathing that draw air into the airway and lungs; also a medication delivery route
inhalation
The exchange of gases between the blood cells and the tissues
internal respiration
Bypassing of oxygen-poor blood past nonfunctional alveoli to the left side of the heart
intrapulmonary shunting
Technique to open the airway by placing the fingers behind the angle of the jaw forward; used for patients who may have a cervical spine injury
jaw-thrust maneuver
A complex structure formed by many independent cartilaginous structres that all work together; where the upper airway ends and the lower airway begins; also called the voice box
larynx
A fixed flow rate ventilation device that delivers a breath every time its button is pushed; also referred to as a flow-retricted, oxygen-powdered ventilation device
Manually triggered ventilation device
Space within the chest that contains the heart, major blood vessels, vagus nerve, trachea, major bronchi, and esophagus; located between the two lungs
mediastinum
Occurs when a foreign body partially obstrucs the patient’s airway. The patient is able to move adequate amounts of air, but also experiencessome degree of respiratory distress
mild airway obstruction
An oxygen-delivery device in which oxygen flows through two small, tubelike prongs that fit into the patient’s nostrils; deliverss 24% to 44% supplemental oxygen, depending on the flow rate
nasal cannula
Airway adjunct inserted into the nostril of an unresponsive patient or a patient with an altered level of consciousness who is unable to maintain airway patency independently
nasopharyngeal airway
Airway adjunct insterted into the mouth of an unresponsive patient to keep the tongue from blocking the upper airway and to facilitate suctioning the airway, if necessary
oropharyngeal airway
A condition of excessive oxygen consumption resulting in cellular and tissue damage
oxygen toxicity
The process of delivering oxygen to the blood by diffusion from the alveoli following inhalation into the lungs
oxygenation
Thin membrane that lines the chest cavity
parietal pleura
Describes the amount of gas in air or dissolved in fluid, such as blood
partial pressure
The act of air moving in and out of the lungs during chest compressions
passive ventilation
Open, clear of obstruction
patent
Nerve that innervates the diaphragm; necessary for adequate breathing to occur
phrenic nerve
A system established for portable cylinders to ensure that a regulator is not connected to a cylinder containing the wrong type of gas
pin-indexing system
A partial or complete accumulation of air in the pleural space
pneumothorax
A term used to describe the degree of distress in a patient with a mild airway obstruction. With this, the patient often has a week, ineffective cough, increased difficulty breathing, or possible cyanosis and may produce a high-pitched noise during inhalation (stridor)
poor air exchange
A side-lying position used to maintain a clear airway in unconscious patients who are breathing adequately and do not have suspected injuries to the spine, hips, or pelvis
recovery position
Occurs when a foreign body completely obstructs the patient’s airway. The patient cannot breath, talk, or cough
sever airway obstruction
An opening through the skin and into an organ or other structure; for example, in the neck, it connects to the trachea directly to the skin
stoma
A hollow, cylindrical device used to remove fluid from the patient’s airway
suction catheter
A liquid protein substance that coats the alveoli in the lungs, decreases alveolar surface tension, and keeps the alveoli expanded; a low level in a premature infant contributes to respiratory distress syndrome
surfactant
An accumulation of air or gas in the pleural space that progressively increases pressure in the chest that interferes with cardiac function with potentially fatal results
tension pneumothorax
Large, semirigid suction tips recommended for suctioning the pharynx; also called Yankauer tips
tonsil tips
A surgical procedure to create an opening (stoma) into the trachea; a stoma in the neck connects the trachea directly to the skin
tracheostomy
Thin membrane that covers the lungs
visceral pleura
The amount of air that can be forcibly expelled from the lungs after breathing in as deeply as possible
vital capacity
Thin white bands of tough muscular tissue that are lateralborders of the glottis and serve as the primary center for speech production
vocal cords
