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EMT CLASS > CHAPTER 10 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

The upper tract or the passage above the larynx, which includes the nose, mouth and throat

A

airway

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2
Q

The volume of air moved through the lungs in 1 minute minus the dead space; calculated by multiplying tidal volume (minus dead space) and respiratory rate

A

alveolar minute volume

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3
Q

The volume of air that reaches the alveoli. It is determined by subratracting the amount of dead space air from the tidal volume

A

alveolar ventilation

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4
Q

A safety system for large oxygen cylinders, designed to prevent the accidental attachment of a regulator to a cylinger containing the wrong type of gas

A

American Standard Safety System

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5
Q

Absence of spontaneous breathing

A

apnea

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6
Q

In the context of airway, the introduction of vomitus or other foreign material in the lungs

A

aspiration

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7
Q

Irregular, ineffective respirations that may or may not have an identifiable pattern

A

ataxic respirations

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8
Q

A ventilation device attached to a control box that allows the variables of ventilation to be set. It frees the EMT to perform other tasks while the patient is being ventilated

A

automatic transport ventilator

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9
Q

A device with a 1 way valve and a mask attached to a ventilation bag; when attached to a reservoir and connected to oxygen, it delivers more than 90% supplemental oxygen

A

bag-valve mask

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10
Q

A protective item, such as a pocket mask with a valve, that limits exposure to a patient’s body bluids

A

barrier device

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11
Q

Subdivision of the smaller bronchi in the lungs; made of smooth muscle and dilate or contrict in response to various stimuli

A

bronchioles

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12
Q

The use of a capnometer, a device that measures the amount of expired carbon dioxide

A

capnometry

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13
Q

Point at which the trachea bifurcates (divides) into the left and right mainstem bronchi

A

carina

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14
Q

Monitor the levels of o2, co2, and the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid and then provide feedback to the respiratory centers to modify the rate and depth of breathing based on the body’s needs at any given time

A

chemoreceptors

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15
Q

The ability of the alveoli to expand when air is drawn in during inhalation

A

compliance

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16
Q

A method of ventilation used primarily in the treatment of critically ill patients with respiratory distress; can prevent the need for endotracheal intubation

A

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

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17
Q

The amount of carbon dioxide present at the end of an exhaled breath

A

end-tidal co2

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18
Q

The passive part of the breathing process in which the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles relax, forcing air out of the lungs

A

exhalation

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19
Q

The exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood cells in the pulmonary capillaries; also called pulmonary respiration

A

external respiration

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20
Q

A normal reflex mechanism that causes retching; activated by touching the soft palate or the back of the throat

A

gag reflex

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21
Q

A condition in which air fills the somach, often a result of high volume and pressure during artificial ventilation

A

gastric distention

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22
Q

A term used to distinguish the degree of distress in a patient with a mild airway obstruction. With this, the patient is still conscious and able to cough forecfully, although wheezing may be heard

A

good air exchange

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23
Q

A combination of two movements to open the airway by tilting the forehead back and lifting the chin; not used for trauma patients

A

head tilt-chin maneuver

24
Q

Increase carbon dioxide level in the bloodstream

A

hypercarbia

25
Q

A dangerous condition in which the body’s tissues and cells do not have enough oxygen

A

hypoxia

26
Q

The active, muscular part of breathing that draw air into the airway and lungs; also a medication delivery route

A

inhalation

27
Q

The exchange of gases between the blood cells and the tissues

A

internal respiration

28
Q

Bypassing of oxygen-poor blood past nonfunctional alveoli to the left side of the heart

A

intrapulmonary shunting

29
Q

Technique to open the airway by placing the fingers behind the angle of the jaw forward; used for patients who may have a cervical spine injury

A

jaw-thrust maneuver

30
Q

A complex structure formed by many independent cartilaginous structres that all work together; where the upper airway ends and the lower airway begins; also called the voice box

A

larynx

31
Q

A fixed flow rate ventilation device that delivers a breath every time its button is pushed; also referred to as a flow-retricted, oxygen-powdered ventilation device

A

Manually triggered ventilation device

32
Q

Space within the chest that contains the heart, major blood vessels, vagus nerve, trachea, major bronchi, and esophagus; located between the two lungs

A

mediastinum

33
Q

Occurs when a foreign body partially obstrucs the patient’s airway. The patient is able to move adequate amounts of air, but also experiencessome degree of respiratory distress

A

mild airway obstruction

34
Q

An oxygen-delivery device in which oxygen flows through two small, tubelike prongs that fit into the patient’s nostrils; deliverss 24% to 44% supplemental oxygen, depending on the flow rate

A

nasal cannula

35
Q

Airway adjunct inserted into the nostril of an unresponsive patient or a patient with an altered level of consciousness who is unable to maintain airway patency independently

A

nasopharyngeal airway

36
Q

Airway adjunct insterted into the mouth of an unresponsive patient to keep the tongue from blocking the upper airway and to facilitate suctioning the airway, if necessary

A

oropharyngeal airway

37
Q

A condition of excessive oxygen consumption resulting in cellular and tissue damage

A

oxygen toxicity

38
Q

The process of delivering oxygen to the blood by diffusion from the alveoli following inhalation into the lungs

A

oxygenation

39
Q

Thin membrane that lines the chest cavity

A

parietal pleura

40
Q

Describes the amount of gas in air or dissolved in fluid, such as blood

A

partial pressure

41
Q

The act of air moving in and out of the lungs during chest compressions

A

passive ventilation

42
Q

Open, clear of obstruction

A

patent

43
Q

Nerve that innervates the diaphragm; necessary for adequate breathing to occur

A

phrenic nerve

44
Q

A system established for portable cylinders to ensure that a regulator is not connected to a cylinder containing the wrong type of gas

A

pin-indexing system

45
Q

A partial or complete accumulation of air in the pleural space

A

pneumothorax

46
Q

A term used to describe the degree of distress in a patient with a mild airway obstruction. With this, the patient often has a week, ineffective cough, increased difficulty breathing, or possible cyanosis and may produce a high-pitched noise during inhalation (stridor)

A

poor air exchange

47
Q

A side-lying position used to maintain a clear airway in unconscious patients who are breathing adequately and do not have suspected injuries to the spine, hips, or pelvis

A

recovery position

48
Q

Occurs when a foreign body completely obstructs the patient’s airway. The patient cannot breath, talk, or cough

A

sever airway obstruction

49
Q

An opening through the skin and into an organ or other structure; for example, in the neck, it connects to the trachea directly to the skin

A

stoma

50
Q

A hollow, cylindrical device used to remove fluid from the patient’s airway

A

suction catheter

51
Q

A liquid protein substance that coats the alveoli in the lungs, decreases alveolar surface tension, and keeps the alveoli expanded; a low level in a premature infant contributes to respiratory distress syndrome

A

surfactant

52
Q

An accumulation of air or gas in the pleural space that progressively increases pressure in the chest that interferes with cardiac function with potentially fatal results

A

tension pneumothorax

53
Q

Large, semirigid suction tips recommended for suctioning the pharynx; also called Yankauer tips

A

tonsil tips

54
Q

A surgical procedure to create an opening (stoma) into the trachea; a stoma in the neck connects the trachea directly to the skin

A

tracheostomy

55
Q

Thin membrane that covers the lungs

A

visceral pleura

56
Q

The amount of air that can be forcibly expelled from the lungs after breathing in as deeply as possible

A

vital capacity

57
Q

Thin white bands of tough muscular tissue that are lateralborders of the glottis and serve as the primary center for speech production

A

vocal cords

EMT CLASS (19 decks)

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