CHAPTER 12 Flashcards
The force or resistance against which the heart pumps
afterload
Severe shock caused by an allergic reaction
anaphylactic shock
An extreme, life-threatening, systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure
anaphylaxis
An abnormal enlargement of the wall of a blood vessel that results from weakening of the blood vessel
aneurysm
The part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary activities of the body, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion of food
autonomic nervous system
A state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart. It can be a severe complication of a large acute myocardial infarction, as well as other conditions
cardiogenic shock
The early stage of shock, in which the body can still compensate for blood loss
compensated shock
A blue skin discoloration that is caused by a reduced level of oxygen to the blood
cyanosis
The late stage of shock when bloo pressure is falling
decomensated shock
Loss of water from the tissues of the body
dehydration
A condition that occurs when there is a widespread dilation of the small arterioles, small venules, or both
distributive shock
The presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid between cells in body tissues, causing swelling of the affected area
edema
A balance of all systems of the body
homeostasis
A condition in which low blood volume, due to massive internal or external bleeding or extensive loss of body water, results in inadequate perfusion
hypovolemic shock
The ability of the heart muscle to contract
myocardial contractility
Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in patients with spinal cord injuries
neurogenic shock
Shock that occurs when there is a block to blood flow in the heart of great vessels, causing an insufficient blood supply to the body’s tissues
obstructive shock
The flow of blood through body tissues and vessels
perfusion
A collection of fluid between the pericardial sac and the myocardium
pericardial effusion
The precontraction pressure in the hear as the volume blood builds up
preload
Shock caused by a sudden, temporary reduction in blood supply to the brain that causes fainting (syncope)
psychogenic shock
A blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung causing obstruction of blood flow
pulmonary emmbolism
The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures
pulse pressure
Developing a sensitivityto a substance that initially caused no allergic reaction
sensitization
Shock caused by severe infection, usually a bacterial infection
septic shock
A fainting spell or transient loss of consciousness, often caused by an interruption of blood flow to the brain
syncope
