CHAPTER 12

Question 1

The force or resistance against which the heart pumps

Answer 1

afterload

Question 2

Severe shock caused by an allergic reaction

Answer 2

anaphylactic shock

Question 3

An extreme, life-threatening, systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure

Answer 3

anaphylaxis

Question 4

An abnormal enlargement of the wall of a blood vessel that results from weakening of the blood vessel

Answer 4

aneurysm

Question 5

The part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary activities of the body, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion of food

Answer 5

autonomic nervous system

Question 6

A state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart. It can be a severe complication of a large acute myocardial infarction, as well as other conditions

Answer 6

cardiogenic shock

Question 7

The early stage of shock, in which the body can still compensate for blood loss

Answer 7

compensated shock

Question 8

A blue skin discoloration that is caused by a reduced level of oxygen to the blood

Answer 8

cyanosis

Question 9

The late stage of shock when bloo pressure is falling

Answer 9

decomensated shock

Question 10

Loss of water from the tissues of the body

Answer 10

dehydration

Question 11

A condition that occurs when there is a widespread dilation of the small arterioles, small venules, or both

Answer 11

distributive shock

Question 12

The presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid between cells in body tissues, causing swelling of the affected area

Answer 12

edema

Question 13

A balance of all systems of the body

Answer 13

homeostasis

Question 14

A condition in which low blood volume, due to massive internal or external bleeding or extensive loss of body water, results in inadequate perfusion

Answer 14

hypovolemic shock

Question 15

The ability of the heart muscle to contract

Answer 15

myocardial contractility

Question 16

Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in patients with spinal cord injuries

Answer 16

neurogenic shock

Question 17

Shock that occurs when there is a block to blood flow in the heart of great vessels, causing an insufficient blood supply to the body’s tissues

Answer 17

obstructive shock

Question 18

The flow of blood through body tissues and vessels

Answer 18

perfusion

Question 19

A collection of fluid between the pericardial sac and the myocardium

Answer 19

pericardial effusion

Question 20

The precontraction pressure in the hear as the volume blood builds up

Answer 20

preload

Question 21

Shock caused by a sudden, temporary reduction in blood supply to the brain that causes fainting (syncope)

Answer 21

psychogenic shock

Question 22

A blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung causing obstruction of blood flow

Answer 22

pulmonary emmbolism

Question 23

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures

Answer 23

pulse pressure

Question 24

Developing a sensitivityto a substance that initially caused no allergic reaction

Answer 24

sensitization

Question 25

Shock caused by severe infection, usually a bacterial infection

Answer 25

septic shock

Question 26

A fainting spell or transient loss of consciousness, often caused by an interruption of blood flow to the brain

Answer 26

syncope