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Chapter 7-9 Flashcards

1
Q

Prenatal

A

Span: Conception - Birth
Milestones: Birth

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2
Q

Infancy

A

Span: 0-2
Milestones: Speaking, Motor Skills (walking), Indentifying people

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3
Q

Early Childhood

A

Span: 2-6
Milrstones: Toilet Trained, Eating with adults, Motor Skills (kicking, cathcing, throwing)

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4
Q

Late Childhood

A

Span: 6-12
Milestones: Primary School, Reading/Writing, Refining Motor Skills

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5
Q

Youth

A

Span: 12-18
Milestones: Puberty, Secondary School, Physical Changes (sexual characteristics)

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6
Q

Early Adulthood

A

Span: 18-40
Milestones: Marriage, Have Children, Body Reaching Physical Peak

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7
Q

Middle Adulthood

A

Span: 40-65
Milestones: Stability In Work/Relationships, Become Grandparents, Children May Gain Freedom

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8
Q

Late Adulthood

A

Span: 65 - Death
Milestones: Retirement, Financial Security, H&WB Decline

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9
Q

Perceptions of Youth

A
  • Youth are lazy and narcissistic
  • Youth lack the maturity of past generations
  • More concerned with how many likes they recieve
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10
Q

Perceptions of Adulthood

A
  • They are a burden to the healthcare
  • They are bad drivers
  • They complain a lot
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11
Q

Physical Development

A

Def: Referred to the changes to the body and its systems
Keywords: Growth, Motor Skills, Changes to the body (including function of sexual organs during puberty and decline of body systems)

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12
Q

Emotional Development

A

Def: Relates to experiencing the full range of emotions and increasing complexity relating to the expression of emotions, the development of self-concept and resilience
Keywords: Developing Self-concept, Building Resilience, Experiencing Full Range Of Emotions

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13
Q

Social Development

A

Def: Referred to as the increasing complexity of behaviour patterns used in relationships with other people
Keywords: Social Roles, Communication Skills (oral or written communication), Relationship Skills (resolving conflict, open communication)

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14
Q

Intellectual Development

A

Def: The increase in complexity of processes in the brain such as thought, knowledge, memory
Keywords: Attention, Language, Creativity/Imagination

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15
Q

Infancy Development

A

Physical: Bones Continue To Ossify, Motor Development Follows A Proximodistal Pattern (centre outward)
Emotional: Revolves Around Family, Breastfeeding Promotes Development
Social: Breastfeeding Promotes Development, Begin To Smile, Dependent On Parents
Intellectual: Start To Use Simple Gestures, Learning Simple Words

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15
Q

Early Childhood Development

A

Physical: Bones Continue To Lengthen, Fine Motor Skills Progress (holding a pencil, tie shoelaces, use scissors)
Emotional: Develops A Sense Of Empathy, Children Begin To Develop Identity
Social: Children Attend Childcare, Independence Starts To Develop
Intellectual: Learn To Write Basic Letters And Read Basic Books, Start To Classify Objects By Colour And Size

16
Q

Youth Development

A

Physical: Primary And Secondary Sexual Characteristics
Emotional: More Aware Of A Greater Range Of Emotions, Learn Appropriate Ways Of Expressing Emotions Based On Increasing Social Development
Social: Begin To Widen Social Circles (interact with a greater number of people in their community), Begin Part And Fulltime Work
Intellectual: Begin To See Grey Areas, Able To Distinguish Fact From Opinion

17
Q

Early Adulthood Development

A

Physical: Growth Is Completed At This Stage, Sensory Organs Are At Their Peak
Emotional: Adapt To Changing Family Relationships, Family Support And Encouragement Is Crucial
Social: Marriages Abd Families Are Established, Large Focus On Gaining Independence
Intellectual: Further Development Of Thinking/Reasoning Skills, Skills/Knowledge Of Chosen Career Are Learnt

18
Q

Middle Adulthood Development

A

Physical: Gradual Decline Of Systems, Bone Density Is Lost
Emotional: Greater Self Confidence, Changes In Appearance And Abilities Negatively Impact Development
Social: Greater Success In Career/Friendships/Other Commitments, Some Take On New Parent Roles (grandparents)
Intellectual: Decline Of Intellectual Abilities Is Very Slow, Ability To Solve Problems/Process Information Will Improve

19
Q

Late Adulthood Development

A

Physical: Hair Continues To Lose Pigmentation/Thin, Senses Become Less Acute
Emotional: Grieving At The Lose Of Spouse/Friends/Family, Challenges Relating To Loneliness/Isolation
Social: May Be Stimulated With Retirement, Participation In Community Activities/Volunteering
Intellectual: Decline In Information Processing Abilities, Gains Can Still Be Made Through Life Experiences

20
Q

Respect

A
  • people have consideration for others’ feelings/needs/thoughts/rights
  • value each others’ opinions/treat each other thoughtfully
21
Q

Honesty

A
  • choosing not to lie/cheat/steal/deceive

- builds trust

22
Q

Equality

A
  • everyone is valued/able to give and take
  • same expectations
  • everyone contributes
23
Q

Trust

A
  • think the other person is reliable/dependable
  • confidence in them/feel safe with them
  • key characteristic
24
Relationships On H&WB
Physical: Don't Suffer From Physical Injuries/Abuse, Play Sport Apart Of A Team/Encouraged By Friends/Family Emotional: Able To Recognise/Manage Emotions, Conflict Leads To Negative Emotions, Positive Outcome Can Be Achieved With Communication Social: Interact/Support Others, Youth Who Have Good Relationships With Parents Find It Easier To Interact With Adults Mental: Stress/Anxiety Levels Are Low, High Self-esteem Levels Spiritual: Feel Connected To Each Other, Inclusive Of Others
25
Relationships On Development
Physical: Friends/Coaches Encourage Exercise Emotional: Emotions Can Be Expressed, Jealousy Can Be Talked About With Friends/Family Social: Develop Communication Skills/Conflict Resolution, Understanding Of Values/Beliefs Are Enhanced Intellectual: Teachers Encourage Students To Advance Creativity/Problem Solving Skills
26
Germinal
Span: 0-2 Desc: Zygote Starts To Divide, Sarts To Form Embryo/Placenta Char: Fertilisation Occurs, Formation Of Placenta Begins
27
Embryonic
Span: 3-8 Desc: Limbs/Fingers/Toes Emerges, Major Organs/Systems Are Formed, Cells Start To Take Specific Roles Char: Referred To As An Embryo, Limbs Start To Form, Brain Cells Are Generated/Is Active, Facial Features Are Forming (eyes, mouth), Fingers/Toes Start To Form
28
Foetal
Span: 9-40 Desc: Placenta Is Fully Formed, Organs Increase In Size Char: Referred To As A Foetus, All Organs Form, Teeth Are Formed, Assumes Head Down Position, Lungs Develop
29
Parent Support
Social: Includes Practical Assistance (money, babysitters, information, transport), Family Members (grandparents, parents), Financial Resources, Contact With Extended Family Emotional: People Willing Ti Share Ideas/Advice, Frustration/Anger When The Baby Arrives, Fears About Being Parents Knowledge: Level Of Education, Knowledge Of H&WB Behaviours, Parental Education
30
Resources For Parents - Maternal/Child Health Service
- state government - primary health service - free for all Victorian families with children - funded by state/local governments - centres are staffed by maternal/child health nurses - visits are focused on parenting/growth/development/H&WB and safety/social supports/referrals/links in the community
31
Resources For Parents - Health, Learning, Development Record
- state government - given to parent of every newborn child in Victoria - record child's milestones/H&WB/growth/development/immunisations - space for personal details - child H&WB information - a way of communicating between parents/healthcare professionals
32
Resources For Parents - Medicare
- federal government - provides free/subsided treatment - pregnant women can access free treatment in public hospitals - increases accessibility to antenatal care - assists in providing professional workers (nurses, midwives, doctors, obstetricians) to assist with birth
33
Folate
- reduces risk of neural tube defects (spina bifida) - walking difficulties/inability to walk - reduced sensation in legs/feet - deformities of spine/scoliosis
34
Alcohol
- increases risk of miscarriage/stillbirth/premature birth - reduces amount of oxygen available to the baby - causes FAS (foetal alcohol syndrome disorder) - impaired memory/poor social skills - greater risk of psychological/behavioural problems in youth (anxiety, depression) - heart defects - poor motor skills - learning difficulties - memory problems, limited attention span - slow cognitive processing
35
Tobacco
- reduces oxygen supply/nutrients due to carbon monoxide/nicotine - baby's movements in the womb are weaker - slower growth and development - increased risk of birth defects - harms development of baby's brain/lungs - mother can't breastfeed
36
Intergenerational Nature Of H&WB
- H&WB/development of one generation influences the next - a healthy mother starts a cycle of intergenerational health - mothers with high levels of stress hormones during pregnancy are more likely to become addicted to nicotine - children of mothers who smoke during pregnancy have higher rates of obesity and poorer cardiovascular health
37
Early Life Experiences - Parenting Practices
- children who are abused by their parents/carers are at greater risk of emotional and behavioural problems - sleeping difficulties - displaying antisocial/aggressive behaviour - displaying speech problems - child solves problems with violence
38
Early Life Practices - Low Birth Weight
- harder time feeding/gaining weight/fighting infection - difficulties staying warm - certain health conditions - reduced lung functions - feeding difficulties - reduced muscle bulk/coordination - greater likelihood of impaired growth/motor skill development

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