Chapter 1-3

Question 1

Chronic Conditions

Answer 1

Any disease or condition that lasts a long time. It usually can’t be cured and therefore requires ongoing treatment.

Question 2

BOD

Answer 2

A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries; specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. Measured with DALY.

Question 3

Core Activities

Answer 3

Relate to the three main areas of life: self-care, mobility, communication

Question 4

Core Activity Limitation

Answer 4

When an individual has difficulty, or requires assistance, with any of the core activities. The levels that core activity limitation are profound (always needing help), severe (don’t always need help but may require it at times), moderate (have difficulty with tasks), and mild (require aids to undertake the task).

Question 5

Dermatitis

Answer 5

Refers to a large range of conditions characterised by irritation and/or inflammation of the skin. It usually involves itchy, dry skin or a rash on swollen, reddened skin.

Question 6

DALY

Answer 6

A measure of burden of disease. One DALY is equal to one year of healthy life lost due to illness and/or death. DALY is the sum of the years of life lost due to premature death and the number of years lived with a disability for people living with a health condition.

Question 7

Health Indicatiors

Answer 7

Standard statistics that are used to measure and compare health status; for example life expectancy, mortality rates, morbidity rates.

Question 8

Health Status

Answer 8

An individual’s or population’s overall health and wellbeing, considering various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors.

Question 9

Hospital Separations

Answer 9

Episodes of hospital care that start with admission and end at transfer, discharge or death.

Question 10

Incidence

Answer 10

The number (or rate) of new cases of a disease/condition in a population during a certain period.

Question 11

Kessler Psychology Distress Scale (K10)

Answer 11

A scale of psychological distress based on the answers to ten questions about negative emotional and mental status in the four weeks prior to the interview. This system classifies psychological distress as low, moderate, high, and very high.

Question 12

Life Expectancy

Answer 12

The number of years of life, on average, remaining to an individual at a particular age if death rates do not change.

Question 13

Morbidity

Answer 13

Ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health within a population (often expressed through incidence or prevalence).

Question 14

Mortality

Answer 14

The number of deaths in a population in a given period

Question 15

Prevalence

Answer 15

The number of cases of a certain condition or disease present in a population at a given time.

Question 16

Psychological Distress

Answer 16

Relates to unpleasant feelings and emotions that can affect an individual’s level of functioning.

Question 17

Years Lost due to Disability (YLD)

Answer 17

A measure of how many healthy years of life are lost due to disease, injury or disability.

Question 18

Years of Life Lost (YLL)

Answer 18

A meaure of how many years of expected life are lost due to premature death.

Question 19

Blended Family

Answer 19

A family consisting of a couple, the children they have had together, and the children from previous relationships.

Question 20

Indoor Air Polution

Answer 20

When the air inside a house or building contains pollutants, such as fine particles and carbon monoxide. It is often caused by inefficient cooking and heating practices.

Question 21

Peer Influence

Answer 21

The social influence of a peer group on its members, as each member tries to conform to the expectations of the group.

Question 22

Social Gradient of Health

Answer 22

The higher a person’s income, education, or occupation level, the healthier they tend to be.

Question 23

Socialcultural Factors

Answer 23

The social and cultural conditions into which people are born, grow, live, work, and age. These include socioeconomic status, social connections, family and cultural influences, food security, early life experiences, and access to affordable, culturally appropriate healthcare.

Question 24

Step Family

Answer 24

A family formed after the remarriage of a divorced or widowed person that includes a child or children.

Question 25

Cognitive

Answer 25

The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thoughts, experience and the senses.

Question 26

Contraception

Answer 26

Any method or device that prevents conception and, therefore, a pregnancy

Question 27

Dynamic

Answer 27

Always or constantly changing

Question 28

Emotional Health and Wellbeing

Answer 28

The ability to recognise, understand and effectively manage and express emotions as well as the ability to display resilience.

Question 29

Emotional Intelligence

Answer 29

An individual’s ability to recognise and respond to either their own or others’ emotions

Question 30

Health (WHO Deifnition)

Answer 30

A state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing; it is not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 31

Health and Wellbeing

Answer 31

The state of a person’s physical, social, emotional, mental, and spiritual existence, characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable, and engaged.

Question 32

Infirmity

Answer 32

The quality or state of being weak or ill; often associated with old age

Question 33

Mental Health and Wellbeing

Answer 33

The state of a person’s mind or brain and the ability to think and process information. Optimal mental health and wellbeing enables an individual to positively form opinions, make decisions, and use logic and is associated with low levels of stress and anxiety, positive self-esteem as well as a sense of confidence and optimism.

Question 34

Physical Health and Wellbeing

Answer 34

The functioning of the body and its systems; includes the physical captivity to perform daily activities or tasks.

Question 35

Self-esteem

Answer 35

A person’s overall subjective emotional evaluation of his or her own worth. It is a judgement of oneself as well as an attitude toward the self.

Question 36

Social Health and Wellbeing

Answer 36

The ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships with others and the ability to manage or adapt to different social situations.

Question 37

Spiritual Health and Wellbeing

Answer 37

It includes the concepts of hope, peace, a guiding sense of meaning or value, and reflection on a person’s place in the world. Spiritual health and wellbeing can also relate to organised religion, higher power and prayer, values, a sense of purpose in life, connection and belonging.

Question 38

Subjective Wellbeing

Answer 38

Refers to how people experience the quality of their lives and includes both how they feel about their lives and what they think about their own personal circumstances

Question 39

Wellbeing

Answer 39

A combination of all dimensions of health, characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy healthy, capable and engaged.

Question 40

Culture (Aboriginal/Torres Strait Islanders)

Answer 40

Culture is personl. connecting to your culture empowers you, gives you pride, and is important for your health and wellbeing. If you have a strong connection to culture you become more confident and comfortable with yourself.

Question 41

Connection to Land (Aboriginal/Torres Strait Islanders)

Answer 41

Connection to land improves their spiritual relationship to country, and when the harmony of this relationship is disrupted, ill health may occur. The connection to land gives an individual their identity and a sense of belonging. They believe that it’s their duty to take care for the land, and by taking care of their land they strengthen their culture and health/wellbeing.

Question 42

Self-assessed Health Status

Answer 42

Based on an individual’s own perspective of their health anf wellbeing. Individuals are asked to rate their health and wellbeing as excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor.

Question 43

Rates of Hospitalisation

Answer 43

Hospitalisation can occur as a result of ill health, emergency treatment or where a patient is admitted recieving ongoing medical care. Injury and poisoning are the leading case of hospitalisation in youth. The most common form of injury are fractures and superficial wounds such as cuts.

Question 44

Media/Access to Health Information - Description (Sociocultural Factor)

Answer 44

Health education in the school setting is a place where youth can explore issuess relating to healthy decision meaking and consequences. Health education in school is an important source of information; however youth often rewuire specific information targeting their own health concerns. When a young person does not have access to healthcare services, or is too embarresed or ashamed to ask their friends or parents about a health concern, they are likely to consult the internet.

Question 45

Media/Access to Healthcare Information - Link to Health and Wellbeing (Sociocultural Factor)

Answer 45

Through access to health information youth are able to gain knowledge and insight in relation to their individual health concerns, which leads to improvements in their physical H&WB through illness prevention and therefore in overall health status, but also improvements in their mental H&WB, as levels of stress and anxiety may be reduced. The youth go through embarrassment or fear for being treated disrespectfully, their emotional H&WB is damaged as well as their social H&WB as they are not able to effectively talk to someone.

Question 46

Media/Access to Healthcare Information - Link to Health Status Indicators (Sociocultural Factor)

Answer 46

Access to health information can benefit users in the following ways - improve access to healthcare through telehealth, overcome physical barriers due to remoteness, assist users to self-manage their H&WB, monitor symptoms and vital signs better during daily life through wearable devices and health applications, communicate to health or demographic groups (e.g transmitting health event alerts to specific populations, or advice and SMS reminders to individuals or groups). Barriers can include - concerns about confidentiality and discomfort in disclosing health concerns, knowledge of services (e.g not having a Medicare care card), fear of not being treated respectfully, location of services and inflexible opening hours, out-of-pocket costs, and location.

Question 47

Health Status Indicators

Answer 47

Life expectancy, Mortality, Morbidity, BOD, Rates of Hospitalisation, Core activity limitation, Psychological distress, Self-asssess health status.