Chapter 4 - Nutrition Flashcards
Carbohydrates
Function - Primary source of energy, stores energy, extra glucose turns to fat
Food sources - vegetables, rice, pasta, cereals, fruits
Influence on youth - overconsumption cause dental decay/increase risk of diabetes/heart disease/high cholesterol, stable glucose/energy levels
Protein
Function - Build/maintain/repair body cells, secondary source of energy
Food sources - Meat, eggs, dairy products, tofu, legumes, wholegrain cereals
Influence on youth - underconsumption means there aren’t enough amino acids/loss of muscle mass, builds cells, source of energy
Fibre
Function - Cleans digestive system, insoluble fibre helps stool move through the body
Food sources - wholemeal bread, grains, seeds, fruit, vegetables
Influence on youth - underconsumption causes constipation/increase chance of bowel cancer, feeling of fullness, reduce cholesterol levels, controls blood sugar
Trans Fat
Function - increases LDL (bad) cholesterol levels, lowers HDL (good) cholesterol levels, both are a byproduct of hydrogenation
Food source - fast foods, bakery products, potatoes, certain vegetable oils
Influence on youth - no known health benefits, increases the risk of death, coronary heart disease
Saturated Fat
Function - Secondary source of energy, protects organs, supports cell growth, keeps cholesterol levels low, keeps blood pressure under control, helps the body absorb nutrients.
Food source - butter, margarines, coconut oil, cakes, pastries, fatty cuts of meat
Influence on youth - helps brain health, cardiovascular health, bone health, immune health, nervous system health
Polyunsaturated Fat
Function - protects organs, insulates the body, regulates body temperature, secondary source of energy, an essential part of body tissue, carries fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K)
Food sources - soy-beans, maize, sunflower, safflower
Influence on youth - reduce cholesterol levels
Monounsaturated Fat
Function - helps to reduce bad cholesterol levels, lowers your risk of heart disease/stroke, provides nutrients to develop/maintain body cells
Food sources - olives, peanuts, avocados, nuts
Influence on youth - help with weight loss, help improve insulin sensitivity, reduces the risk of heart disease
Calcium
Function - Builds bone mass, builds teeth, helps muscles to contract, regulate normal heart rhythms, regulates nerve function.
Food sources - milk, yoghurt, cheese, green leafy vegetables, sardines
Influence on youth - decreases the chance of getting osteoporosis, decreases the chance to break and fracture bones
Iron
Function - Forms the haem in haemoglobin, and produces myoglobin.
Food source - green leafy vegetables, lean red meat, oily fish, nuts, chicken, turkey
Influence on youth - increases energy, increases focus, assists in gastrointestinal processes, supports immune system, regulates body temperature, assists in brain development, helps produce collagen.
B-Group Vitamins
Function - provide nutrition that are essential for growth and maintenance of a healthy individual. They are essential in the process of metabolising or converting the fuels.
Food Source - vegemite, wholegrain cereal, wholegrain bread, egg, meat, milk, green leafy vegetables, fish.
Influence on youth - aids in growth, proper nerve function, good digestion, cell health, providing energy to complete daily activites.
Australian Guide to Healthy Eating
Why - Reduce short/long-term consequences of nutrition imbalance, provide information
Strengths - Colourful, easy to read, basic advice
Weaknesses - No serving sizes, possible to make poor food choices, no composite foods
Healthy Eating Pyramid
Why - Promotes good health
Strengths - Colourful, easy to read, has herbs/spices/salt/sugar, basic nutrition advice
Weaknesses - No serving sizes, no composite foods, fruit in foundation layer, difficult to apply
Health Star Rating
Why - To make healthy food choices, rates the nutritional profile of foods
Strengths - Basic nutrition advice, quick/easy to read, consistent rating system
Weaknesses - Not compulsory, high rating does not mean it’s healthy, junk foods can score higher than natural foods
Nutritionist/Dietitian
Nutritionist - Tertiary qualification, work in community/public health roles, makes health information programs, not qualified to provide medical treatment
Dietitian - Tertiary qualification/additional study, professional practice, can provide medical treatment
TV/Print Media
TV/Print Media - Presenters are not qualified, info in media gets views, magazines aren’t reliable
Internet/Social Media
R - Read the URL, org/edu/gov are reliable
E - Examine the content, look at author/publisher/organisation, what are their credentials, check is the material is current
A - Ask about the authors names, can you find details on the author/publisher
L - Look at the links, are the sources credible (edu/org/gov)
Infiltration of Social Media
Companies are constantly advertising new food and drink promotions via platforms such as Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, and Twitter. There are often a variety of competitions offering free products or prize money that are designed to tempt the younger generation. Young people often provide their personal information to food marketers through these competitions. The marketers then use this to build a profile of the individual in order to allow them to bombard them with future marketing campaigns
Immersive Marketing
A technique that involves the integration of advertising into a complete experience for customers. The aim is to create an emotional relationship between an individual and a particular product. The longer customers associate themselves with programs, the stronger their relationship with the product becomes.
Celebrity Endorsements
According to research on young people aged 13-15 years, celebrity endorsements in marketing can not only enhance brand recognition but can also increase the desirability of the product, leading to a positive association with the food or beverage. Due to young people increasing their use of products promoted by celebrities such as foods high in sugar, lollies and soft drinks, large numbers of youth will continue to suffer from being overweight and obese. They will also continue to suffer from Type 2 diabetes and CVD later in life.
Product Placement
A technique used by food and beverage companies to subtly promote products through TV, film or other forms of media. It is seen as a beneficial technique as it does not interrupt the viewer the way traditional advertising does. Through the use of this technique, the viewer is in contact with a brand for extended periods of time. Embedding a brand or product within a particular media platform such as TV stops people from changing the channel as they would if a full commercial came on during program viewing time.
Social Factor - Family
Enabler – When parents purchase, provide and cook vegetables and fruit healthy eating improves. Role modelling is very important, you are likely to copy your parent’s eating practices. Many young people also learn to cook and prepare meals at the home
Barrier – if your parents purchase, provide or role model with energy-dense foods you are more likely to copy and eat a poor diet
Social Factor - Education
Enablers - People with higher levels of education are more likely to choose healthier lifestyles, including the consumption of fruits and vegetables. Higher education levels also lead to higher income earning capacity and increased income to spend on nutritious food. Education also promotes awareness of healthy behaviours
Social Factor - Income
Barriers - Low-income groups who find it difficult to achieve a balanced healthy diet experience food insecurity. Energy-dense processed foods are often less expensive than nutritious fresh food, and therefore become the food of choice for low-income families. Low SES areas tend to have a large selection of takeaway and fast-food restaurants and few fresh food produce markets.
Cultural Factor - Religion
Some religions prohibit the consumption of specific food or involve periods of fasting. For example, most Hindus do not eat beef, and Muslims engage in a month-long fast known as Ramadan. Islam and Judaism prohibit the eating of pork and all other meat must be halal or kosher.
