Chapter 7

Question 1

Awareness

Answer 1

Attending to and observing what is happening in the present.

Question 2

Body Armor

Answer 2

A protective mechanism in the individual to deal with the punishment that comes from acting on instinctual demands, such as defecating in public.

Question 3

Body Awareness

Answer 3

Patients may move or change positions and develop more awareness of their body.

Question 4

Confluence

Answer 4

A contact boundary disturbance in which the separation between oneself and others becomes muted or unclear.

Question 5

Contact

Answer 5

Relationship between me and others. Feeling a connection with others or the world outside oneself while maintaining a separation from it.

Question 6

Contact Boundaries

Answer 6

Boundaries that distinguish one person from an object, another person, or another aspect of oneself.

Question 7

Deflection

Answer 7

A contact boundary disturbance in which individuals avoid meaningful contact by being indirect or vague rather than by being direct.

Question 8

Empty Chair

Answer 8

Technique developed by gestalt therapies and adapted by other theorists in which the patient is asked to play different roles in two chairs.

Question 9

Enactment

Answer 9

Patient may act out a previous experience or a characteristic.

Question 10

Exercises

Answer 10

Specific techniques that have been developed to be used in group or individual therapy.

Question 11

Experiments

Answer 11

Creative approaches or techniques used by the therapist to deal with an impasse in therapy brought about by the client’s difficulty in achieving awareness.

Question 12

Gestalt Psychology

Answer 12

Psychological approach that studies the organization of experience into patterns or configurations. Whole is greater than the sum of it’s parts.

Question 13

Ground

Answer 13

Background that contrasts with the figure in the perceptions of a field.

Question 14

Hot Seat

Answer 14

Form of group therapy in which individuals work one at a time with the therapist, and the audience observes, occasionally being asked to comment on the therapeutic process.

Question 15

Implosive Therapy

Answer 15

Type of prolonged intense exposure therapy in which the client imagines exaggerated scenes that include hypothesized stimuli.

Question 16

Introjection

Answer 16

Contact boundary disturbance in which individuals accept information or values from others without evaluating them or without assimilating them into one’s personality.

Question 17

Projection

Answer 17

Contact boundary disturbance in which we may ascribe aspects of ourselves to others.

Question 18

Retroflection

Answer 18

Contact boundary disturbance in which we do to ourselves what we want to do to someone else, or doing things for ourselves that we want others to do for us.

Question 19

Unfinished Business

Answer 19

Unexpressed feelings from the past that occur in the present and interfere with psychological functioning.

Question 20

Disturbance of Contact

Answer 20

When boundary between self and others in unclear.

Question 21

Phony Layer

Answer 21

Refers to reacting to others in unauthentic or patterned ways.

Question 22

Phobic Layer

Answer 22

An avoidance of psychological pain.

Question 23

Impasse Layer

Answer 23

Point at which we are afraid to change or move.

Question 24

Implosive Layer

Answer 24

We experience our feelings, start to become aware of the real self, but may do little about the feelings.

Question 25

Explosive Layer

Answer 25

Authentic and without pretense.

Question 26

Body-Boundaries

Answer 26

Those that may restrict sensations or place them off limits.

Question 27

Value-Boundaries

Answer 27

Values we hold that we are resistant to changing.

Question 28

Familiarity-Boundaries

Answer 28

Events that are often repeated but may not be thought about or challenged.

Question 29

Expressive-Boundaries

Answer 29

We express what we learn at an early age.

Question 30

Existentialism Influence

Answer 30

Expansion of awareness, freedom, focus on the here and now, and immediacy of experience.

Question 31

Organism-Environment Field

Answer 31

We perceive our environment as a total unit or meaning.

Question 32

Organismic Self-Regulation

Answer 32

What is foreground is not random, but based on the needs of an individual. We need completeness and a sense of wholeness.

Question 33

Psychological Homeostasis

Answer 33

We seek a balance between our environment and ourselves.

Question 34

Maladaptive Behavior

Answer 34

Results from a loss of contact with the environment or a loss of contact with self.

Question 35

Tod Dog/Underdog Conflict

Answer 35

Between what you think you should do (top-dog), and what you actually want to do (under-dog).

Question 36

Making the Rounds

Answer 36

Clients are encouraged to address general statements to each member of the group.

Question 37

Exaggeration

Answer 37

Nonverbal gestures might be exaggerated in order for the client to become more aware of their true feelings.

Question 38

Confrontation

Answer 38

Therapist may point out incongruent behaviors and feelings.

Question 39

May I feed you a sentence?

Answer 39

The therapist asks a client to try an idea/sentence on for size.

Question 40

Assuming Responsibility

Answer 40

Therapist would encourage clients to tag statements, expressions of emotions with pronouns and take responsibility for it.