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Counseling Psychology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Altruism (Anna Freud)

A

Defense mechanism in which one learns to become helpful to avoid feeling helpless. They learn to satisfy their own egos as well as the demands of society.

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2
Q

Anal Stage (Freud)

A

The second stage of psychosexual development occurring between the ages of 18 months to 3 years. Anal area becomes the main source of pleasure.

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3
Q

Anticathexes (Freud)

A

The control or restraint exercised by the ego over the id to keep id impulses out of consciousness.

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4
Q

Attachment Theory (Psychoanalysis)

A

The study of infant-mother relationships and patterns of relating to one another.

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5
Q

Bipolar Self (Kohut)

A

Tension between the grandiose self and an idealized view of the parents forms the two poles of the bipolar self.

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6
Q

Cathect (Freud)

A

Investing psychic energy in a mental representation of a person, behavior, or idea.

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7
Q

Countertransference (Psychoanalysis)

A
  1. The irrational or neurotic reactions of a therapist toward the patient. 2. The therapist’s conscious and unconscious feelings toward the patient. 3. A way of understanding how people in the patient’s past may have felt.
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8
Q

Defense Mechanisms (Freud)

A

A means that the ego uses to fight off instinctual outbursts of the id or injunctions by the superego. Ten total.

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9
Q

Denial (Freud)

A

Defense mechanism in which individuals may distort or not acknowledge what they think, feel, or see.

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10
Q

Displacement (Freud)

A

Defense mechanism in which individuals place their feelings not on a dangerous object or person but on one who may be safe.

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11
Q

Drive (Freud)

A

A physiological state of tension, such as hunger, sex, or elimination, that motivates an individual to perform actions to reduce the tension.

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12
Q

Ego Ideal (Freud)

A

In the child, a representation of values that are approved of by parents. It is present in the superego as a concern with movement toward perfectionistic goals.

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13
Q

Eros (Freud)

A

The life instinct, derived from libidinal energy, in opposition to the death instinct (Thanatos).

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14
Q

False Self (Winnicott)

A

When good-enough mothering is not available in infancy, children may act as they believe they are expected to. They adopt their mother’s self rather than their own.

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15
Q

Free Association (Psychoanalysis)

A

The patient relates feelings, fantasies, thoughts, memories, and recent events to the analyst spontaneously and without censoring them.

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16
Q

Genital Stage (Freud)

A

Final stage of psychosexual development, which usually starts at 12 years and goes throughout life. Focus of sexual energy is toward members of the other sex rather than toward oneself.

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17
Q

Good-Enough Mother (Winnicott)

A

A mother who adapts to her infant’s gestures and needs during early infancy and gradually helps the infant develop independence.

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18
Q

Holding (Winnicott)

A

Feeling of security that develops from the physical holding of the child; also used metaphorically to refer to a caring environment.

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19
Q

Id (Freud)

A

Biological instincts, including sexual and aggressive impulses, that seek pleasure. Id, at birth, represents total personality.

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20
Q

Identification (Freud)

A

Defense mechanism in which individuals take on characteristics of another, often a parent, to reduce their own anxieties and internal conflicts.

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21
Q

Identification with the Aggressor (Anna Freud)

A

Defense mechanism in which the individual identifies with an opponent that he or she cannot master, taking on characteristics of that person.

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22
Q

Individuation (Object Relations)

A

Process of becoming an individual, becoming aware of oneself.

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23
Q

Instinct (Freud)

A

Basic drives such as hunger, thirst, sex, and aggression that must be fulfilled in order to maintain physical or psychological equilibrium.

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24
Q

Intellectualization (Freud)

A

Defense mechanism in which emotional issues are not dealt with directly but rather are handled indirectly by abstract thought.

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25
Q

Interpretation (Psychoanalysis)

A

Process by which the psychoanalyst points out the unconscious meanings of a situation to a patient.

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26
Q

Intersubjectivity (Psychoanalysis)

A

The view that both analyst and patient influence each other in therapy.

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27
Q

Intersubjectivity Theory (Psychoanalysis)

A

Approach developed by self psychologists and other psychoanalysts that is influenced by constructivism.

28
Q

Intrapsychic Processes (Psychoanalysis)

A

Impulses, ideas, conflicts, or other psychological phenomena that occur within the mind.

29
Q

Latency (Freud)

A

Following phallic stage, there is a relatively calm period before adolescence.

30
Q

Libido (Freud)

A

Basic driving force of personality, which includes sexual energy but is not limited to it.

31
Q

Mirroring (Kohut)

A

When the parent shows the child that he or she is happy with the child, the child’s grandiose self is supported. The parent reflects or mirrors the child’s view of herself.

32
Q

Object

A

A term used in psychoanalytic theory to refer to an important person in a child’s life.

33
Q

Object Cathexis (Freud)

A

Investment of psychic energy or libido in objects outside the self, such as a person or activity. This investment is designed to reduce needs.

34
Q

Object Relations

A

Study of significant others or love objects in a person’s life, focusing on childhood views of the relationship.

35
Q

Oedipus Complex (Freud)

A

Unconscious sexual desire of the male child for his mother, along with feelings of hostility of fear toward the father. Occurs in the phallic stage.

36
Q

One-Person Psychology (Psychoanalysis)

A

The view that the patient in influenced by the analyst, but the analyst is not influenced by the patient.

37
Q

Oral Stage (Freud)

A

Initial stage of psychosexual development, lasting first 18 months. Focus is on gratification through eating and sucking that involves the lips, mouth, and throat.

38
Q

Penis Envy (Freud)

A

Woman’s desire to be like a man, or a little girl’s belief that she has been deprived of a penis and wishes to possess one.

39
Q

Phallic Stage (Freud)

A

Third stage of psychosexual development, lasting from age 3 to age 5-6. Major source of sexual gratification shifts from the anal to the genital region.

40
Q

Pleasure Principle (Freud)

A

Tendency to avoid pain and seek pleasure; the principle by which the id operates.

41
Q

Preconscious (Freud)

A

Memories of events and experiences that can be retrieved with relatively little effort, such as remembering what one said to a friend yesterday.

42
Q

Primary Process (Freud)

A

Action of the id that satisfies a need, thus reducing drive tension, by producing a mental image of an object.

43
Q

Projection (Freud)

A

Defense mechanism in which people attribute their own unacceptable desires to others and do not deal with their own strong sexual or destructive drives.

44
Q

Projective Identification (Psychoanalysis)

A

Patients take negative aspects of themselves, project them onto someone else, and then identify with or try unconsciously to control that person. A part of oneself is “split” off and attributed to another in order to control that other person.

45
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Work from Freud et al., psychoanalysis includes free association, dream analysis, and working through transference issues.

46
Q

Psychoanalytic Therapy

A

Free association and exploration of unconscious processes may not be emphasized as strongly as in psychoanalysis.

47
Q

Rationalization (Freud)

A

Defense mechanism in which individuals provide a plausible but inaccurate explanation for their failures.

48
Q

Reaction Formation (Freud)

A

Defense mechanism in which an acceptable impulse can be avoided in an opposite way.

49
Q

Reality Principle (Freud)

A

A guiding principle of the ego. It allows postponement of gratification so that environmental demands can be met or so that greater pleasure can be obtained at a later time.

50
Q

Regression (Freud)

A

A defense mechanism in which an individual retreats to an earlier stage of development that was both more secure and more pleasant.

51
Q

Relational Responses (Relational Psychoanalysis)

A

Comments on issues that arise during the therapeutic hour that reflect the therapist-patient relationship, rather than transference and counter-transference interpretations.

52
Q

Repression (Freud)

A

A defense mechanism that excludes threatening or painful thoughts or feelings from awareness.

53
Q

Resistance (Psychoanalysis)

A

Patients may resist uncovering repressed material in therapy.

54
Q

Secondary Process (Freud)

A

A process of the ego that reduces intrapsychic tension by dealing directly with external reality.

55
Q

Selfobject (Kohut)

A

Patterns or themes of unconscious thoughts, images, or representations of another person in an individual.

56
Q

Separation (Object Relations)

A

The process that occurs when children gradually distinguish themselves from their mother and others in their world and become independent.

57
Q

Splitting (Object Relations)

A

A process of keeping incompatible feelings separate from each other. An unconscious way of dealing with unwanted parts of the self or threatening parts of others.

58
Q

Sublimation (Freud)

A

A defense mechanism in which a sexual or aggressive drive can be modified into an acceptable social behavior.

59
Q

Superego (Freud)

A

That portion of the personality that represents parental values and, more broadly, society’s standards.

60
Q

Thanatos (Freud)

A

An instinct toward self-destruction and death; in opposition to the life instinct (eros).

61
Q

Transference Psychosis (Psychoanalysis)

A

Patients may act out with the therapist early and destructive relationships that they had with their parents.

62
Q

Transitional Object (Object Relations)

A

An object such as a teddy bear that serves as a transition for infants to shift from experiencing themselves as the center of the world to a sense of themselves as a person among others.

63
Q

Treatment Manuals

A

Written guidelines for therapists on how to treat patients with a particular disorder.

64
Q

True Self (Winnicott)

A

A sense of being real, whole, and spontaneous that comes from the caring of a good-enough mother.

65
Q

Two-person Psychology (Psychoanalysis)

A

The idea that both patient and analyst influence each other during therapy (similar to intersubjectivity).

66
Q

Unconscious (Freud)

A

The part of the mind of which people have no knowledge.

Counseling Psychology (16 decks)

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