Chapter 7 Flashcards

Amplification

1
Q

single stranded 18 to 30 bases in length DNA fragments complementary to sequences flanking the region to be Amplified

A

PCR primers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what do primers do

A

determines specificity, and the distance determine size of product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

technique used in molecular biology to amplify a single copy or a few copies of a segment of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence

A

polymerase Chain Reaction PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

PCR products that are just double the size of the primers. Result from binding of primers on to each other through short homologies after three prime ends and copying each primer sequence

A

primer dimers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

design to add or alter sequences to one or both ends of the PCR product

A

tailed primers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

heat stable polymerase isolated from thermus aquaticus

A

Taq polymerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

taq polymerase lacking 289 n terminal amino acids

A

stoffel fragment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

product of PCR reaction

A

amplicon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

making copies of a Target sequence to such a level that they can be detected in vitro

A

amplification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

short oligonucleotide primers, nucleotides, polymerase, buffers

A

components of PCR DNA template

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the three cycles of PCR

A

denaturation, annealing, extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

fluorescent detectors measure PCR product as the reaction proceeds

A

real-time PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

small sample volumes in Chambers that can be heated and cooled quickly by changing the air temperature surrounding sample

A

rapid PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

withstand the repeated high denaturation temperature

A

thermostable polymerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

changes temp in a block or chamber holding the sample

A

thermal cycler

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what PCR cycle is where double-stranded DNA is denatured into two single strands by heating the sample at 90 - 96 degrees C for 20 minutes

A

denaturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what PCR cycle is the most critical step where primers determine the specificity of the amplification at 50-70 degrees C for 20 seconds

A

annealing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what PCR cycle is where DNA is synthesized at 68 - 75 C for 30 seconds

A

extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what may occur due to non-specific hybridization of primers

A

Misprime’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

isothermal, probe amplification, probes bind immediately adjacent to one another on template, ligated and become templates for The Binding of more probes. For chlamydia gonorrhea and sickle cell

A

ligase chain reaction

21
Q

isothermal, signal amplification, series of hybridisations attaches multiple signals to each Target molecule. HPV, HCV, HIV 1

A

branched DNA

22
Q

isothermal, signal amplification, immobilized DNA probe binds to RNA targets. RNA DNA hybrids are bound by LABELED monoclonal antibodies. HPV, HBV, CMV

A

hybrid capture

23
Q

isothermal, Target amplification as RNA, cDNA is made from RNA Target adding RNA polymerase promoter, RNA synthesis from cDNA template and can serve as a source of new cDNA. Tuberculosis, chlamydia, HIV, CMV

A

TXN- mediated amplification (TMA)

24
Q

two probes, one has donor five prime one has acceptor 3 Prime Vines two adjacent Target’s Fluoroscein-rhodamine

A

FRET

25
Q

Quencher and reporter together, broken when amplification occurs signal on

A

TaqMan

26
Q

binds minor groove of double-stranded DNA

A

SyBr Green

27
Q

what is the purpose of an amplification control in PCR

A

to distinguish true negatives from false negatives

28
Q

what is the most dangerous contaminant in PCR

A

carryover PCR product from previous reaction

29
Q

what is a way to avoid Misprimes, use the sequestered enzyme, keep everything on Ice, use a preheated cycler

A

Hot Start

30
Q

uses RNA as a Target. DNA is synthesized from Target RNA then transcription of DNA produces copies of RNA

A

TAS transcription based amplification systems

31
Q

measures the accumulation of product at annealing step in PCR cycle

A

molecular beacons

32
Q

bind fluoresce double-stranded DNA

A

DNA specific dyes

33
Q

bind and fluoresce intended PCR product

A

hybridization probes

34
Q

label the PCR product

A

primer Incorporated probes

35
Q

amplifying multiple Targets on the same strand of DNA at the same time

A

Multiplex PCR

36
Q

what control is run to detect contamination in PCR

A

reagent blank

37
Q

nonspecific extra PCR products can result from

A

Mispriming

38
Q

method for purifying PCR product

A

put the reaction mix through a spin column

39
Q

what enzyme system is used to avoid contamination in real-time PCR

A

dUTP - UNG

40
Q

sybr green fluorescence is detectable at which stage of the PCR amplification process

A

primer annealing and extension

41
Q

what PCR controls ensures that the enzyme is active, the buffer is optimal, and the primers are priming the correct Target sequence and must have a PCR product detected in order to be valid

A

positive control

42
Q

Taq-Man, molecular beacons, and Scorpion type primers are all used in which procedure

A

quantitative PCR

43
Q

complimentary of primer pairs at the 3’ end will result in what artifacts

A

primer dimers

44
Q

what amplification procedure uses an RNA polymerase to generate amplicons

A

Q beta replicase

45
Q

Target amplification

A

TMA - RNA is synthesized from cdna template. TB, C. trachmatis, HIV, CMV

46
Q

probe amplification

A

ligase chain reaction - ligate adjacent primers together requires a thermal cycler to change temp. chlamydia, gonorrhea, Sickle Cell mutation

47
Q

signal amplification

A

branched DNA - short oligomer probes used to capture Target nucleic acid. Hbv, hcv, hiv-1.

48
Q

hybrid capture

A

detection and characterization of HPV. HPV, hbv, CMV. four recognized by antibodies. bound to single stranded RNA probes