Chapter 7 Flashcards
Amplification
single stranded 18 to 30 bases in length DNA fragments complementary to sequences flanking the region to be Amplified
PCR primers
what do primers do
determines specificity, and the distance determine size of product
technique used in molecular biology to amplify a single copy or a few copies of a segment of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence
polymerase Chain Reaction PCR
PCR products that are just double the size of the primers. Result from binding of primers on to each other through short homologies after three prime ends and copying each primer sequence
primer dimers
design to add or alter sequences to one or both ends of the PCR product
tailed primers
heat stable polymerase isolated from thermus aquaticus
Taq polymerase
taq polymerase lacking 289 n terminal amino acids
stoffel fragment
product of PCR reaction
amplicon
making copies of a Target sequence to such a level that they can be detected in vitro
amplification
short oligonucleotide primers, nucleotides, polymerase, buffers
components of PCR DNA template
what are the three cycles of PCR
denaturation, annealing, extension
fluorescent detectors measure PCR product as the reaction proceeds
real-time PCR
small sample volumes in Chambers that can be heated and cooled quickly by changing the air temperature surrounding sample
rapid PCR
withstand the repeated high denaturation temperature
thermostable polymerase
changes temp in a block or chamber holding the sample
thermal cycler
what PCR cycle is where double-stranded DNA is denatured into two single strands by heating the sample at 90 - 96 degrees C for 20 minutes
denaturation
what PCR cycle is the most critical step where primers determine the specificity of the amplification at 50-70 degrees C for 20 seconds
annealing
what PCR cycle is where DNA is synthesized at 68 - 75 C for 30 seconds
extension
what may occur due to non-specific hybridization of primers
Misprime’s