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Anatomy > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Define articular disc

A

a fibrocartilaginous structure that occurs within a few synovial joints. The two “articular discs” in each knee joint are called articular menisci.

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2
Q

Define cartilaginous joint

A

a joint in which cartilage unites the skeletal structures. in some cartilaginous joints (synchondroses), hyaline cartilage serves as the uniting material and others the uniting material is tarsal, and cubital joints.

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3
Q

Define Gomophisis

A

fibrous joint between the root(s) of a tooth and dental alveolus in which it is embedded.

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4
Q

Define symphysis

A

a fibrocartilage joint. in the intervertebral symphyses, the bones are united by fibrocartilaginous structures called intervertebal discs, and the public symphysis is stabilized by the interpubic disc.

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5
Q

Define joint (articular) capsule

A

the connective tissue capsule that surrounds a synovial joint cavity. It has a fibrous connective tissue outer layer and a synovial membrane lining.

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6
Q

Define synarthrosis

A

a joint stabilized by fibrous connective tissue and lacking a cavity. the three subtypes of synarthroses are sutures, syndesmoses

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7
Q

Define synchondrosis

A

a hyaline cartilage joint. Synchondroses include the costochondral joints, some of the joints in the base of the neurocranium and the joints formed by the epiphyseal cartilages in growing bones

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8
Q

Define syndesmosis

A

a fibrous joint between the radius and ulna, tibia and fibula, or stapes and temporal bone. The connective tissue joining the bones in the radio-ulnar syndesmosis is caled the antebrachial interosseous membrane, and that in the tibiofibular syndesmosis is called the crural interosseous membrane.

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9
Q

synovial fluid

A

the lubricating and nourishing fluid secreted by the synoviocytes located in synovial membranes.

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10
Q

Define synovial joint

A

any joint which has, as one of its features, a joint (articular) cavity containing synovial flud. synovial joints include most of those found in the limbs and many of the joints in the axial skeleton.

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11
Q

Define luxation

A

a malalignment of the skeletal components at a joint. Usually traumatic in origin, luxations typically involve significant ligamentous and joint capsule damage.

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12
Q

Which joints are fibrous joints (synarthroses)?

A

Syndesmosis, suture, gomphosis (all using Connective tissue proper, essentially no movement.

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13
Q

Which joints are cartilaginous joints?

A

Synchondrosis (hyaline cartilage), Symphesis (fibrocartilage), Little or no movement.

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14
Q

What joints are synovial joints (Diarthroses)

A

(seven subtypes based on the shape of the articular surfaces) uses c.t. proper, with an articular cavity, “freely” movable.

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15
Q

Name the two categories of joints based on the number of articulating skeletal components.

A

Simple joints (only two skeletal components) Composite joint (one joint with three or more skeletal components)

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16
Q

What are the 3 categories of joints based on the type of uniting connective tissue and the presence of a joint cavity?

A

Fibrous joints, Cartilaginous Joints, and Synovial joints.

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17
Q

What are Fibrous joints also known as?

A

Synarthroses (singular = synarthrosis)

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18
Q

Hyaline cartilage joints also known as…

A

Synchondroses (because uniting connective tissue is hyaline cartilage).

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19
Q

Fibrocartilage joints, also known as…

A

symphyses (symphysis = singular)

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20
Q

What are Synovial joints also known as?

A

diarthroses

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21
Q

What is a synostosis?

A

what any joint becomes when bone replaces the fibrous connective tissue or cartilage originally present.

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22
Q

What distinguishes Gomphoses?

A

Fibrous joints, also known as dentoalveolar joints. the thin layer of c.t. proper which “glues” the root(s) into the alveolus (periodontium, or periodontal membrane).

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23
Q

What distinguishes sutures?

A

fibrous joints, between tightly fitted bones of the skull (connective tissue proper).

24
Q

What distinguishes Syndesmoses?

A

Fibrous joints, relatively large amount of fibrous connective tissue between skeletal components. only a few in the body 4 of then are between the tibia and fibula in each inferior limb, and radius and ulna in the superior limb.

25
Q

What distinguishes synchondrosis?

A

Cartilaginous joints, uniting connective tissue is hyaline cartilage. in epiphyseal cartilages in growing bones, chondral joints, and in several joints uniting the bones of the skull.

26
Q

What distinguishes symphyses?

A

the skeletal structures are united by symphyses or fibrocartilage; Eg. intervertebral symphyses, the pubic symphysis, and the manubriosternal symphysis.

27
Q

What distinguishes synovial joints

A

Fibrous connective tissue, but they have an articular “snovial” cavity between the articulating surfaces. Freely moveable in one ore more planes.

28
Q

Name the components of a typical synovial joint.

A

articular joint cavity, surrounded and enclosed by an articular joint capsule (dense, irregular, collagenous c.t. proper), synovial membrane, and within the synovial membrane a small amount of synovial fluid. The bones that articulate have articular cartilage at the epiphyses.

29
Q

Functional roll of synovial fluid?

A

Lubricates and nourishes the relatively thin, avascular articular cartilage.

30
Q

In reference to joints, what is a ligament?

A

Fibrous connective tissue bands and cords. extending from one skeletal component to another.

31
Q

What are the Ligaments relative to synovial joints?

A

capsular ligaments, extracapsular ligaments, collateral ligaments

32
Q

What is the positional relationship to the fibrous part of the synovial joint capsule for a capsular ligament?

A

In the fibrous layer of the joint capsule.

33
Q

What is the positional relationship to the fibrous part of the synovial joint capsule for a extra capsular ligament.

A

distinct bands of connective tissue located outside the fibrous layer of the articular capsule.

34
Q

What is the positional relationship to the fibrous part of the synovial joint capsule for a collateral ligament.

A

Extracapsular ligaments that are located on each side of the major plane of motion.

35
Q

What is an intercapsular ligament?

A

ligaments internal to the fibrous part of the joint capsule.

36
Q

what joints of the body have interacapsular ligaments?

A

in the coxal, genial, tarsal, and carpal joints

37
Q

what is a articular disc?

A

intercapsular ligaments that completely separates the articular cartilages of a synovial joint, thereby subdividing the articular cavity.

38
Q

Where are articular discs found?

A

Radiocarpal joints, acromioclavicular joiunts, sternoclavicular joints, and temporomandibular joints.

39
Q

What are articular menisci?

A

Two incomplete articular discs.

40
Q

Where are articular menisci found?

A

genual joint, “C” or “half moon” -shaped fibrocartilages that do not completely separate the femoral condyles from the tibial condyles.

41
Q

What are the joints of the head?

A

sutures, synchondroses, all of the dentoalveolar joints (gomphoses), temporomandibular joints, atlanto-occipital joints, and joints associated with the auditory ossicles.

42
Q

What are the joints of the vertebral column?

A

atlanto axeal joint, zygapophyseal joints, and the intervertebral symphyses.

43
Q

why are people measurably shorter after sitting or standing for several hours?

A

because the nucleus pulpous are in charge of absorbing shock, they slowly compress during periods of sitting or standing.

44
Q

Which joint in the superior limb are not synovial?

A

The radio-ulnar syndesmosis joint

45
Q

What are the joints of the pectoral girdle?

A

sternoclavicular jt. and the acromioclavicular jt.

46
Q

What are the major joints of the superior limb?

A

Shoulder jt, elbow jt, radio-ulnar syndesmoses, distal radio-ulnar jt, carpal jts, intermetacarpal jts. (3 total), metacarpophalangeal jts, interphalangeal jts.

47
Q

What are the subdivisions of the elbow jt.

A

Humero-ulnar jt, humeroradial jt, proximal radio-ulnar jt.

48
Q

What are the subdivisions of the carpal jts

A

Radiocarpal jts, intercarpal jts (including the joint of the pisiform bone, and meddle carpal jt.), and the carpometacarpal jts

49
Q

What are the subdivisions of the interphalangeal jts.?

A

Proximal interphalangeal jts, Distal interphalangeal jts, interphalangeal joint of the thumb

50
Q

A typical thoracic vertebra articulates with the bodies of ___ Other vertebra.

A

2

51
Q

Typical thoracic vertebra articulates with tubercles ___ Ribs.

A

2

52
Q

A thoracic vertebra articulates with the Heads ___ of ribs.

A

4

53
Q

What is a part of all synovial joints?

A

Articular cartilage, intracapsular ligaments.

54
Q

Which sutures of the head have names that cannot be directly related to the names of involved bones?

A

Sagittarius, lambdoid, squamous, and coronal sutures. The other 29 can.

55
Q

When synovial joints swell up what causes the pain?

A

Stretch receptors in the joint capsule.

56
Q

How many intervertebral discs should be present in the vertebral column if none are found above/below the atlas and none occur within or interfere to the sacrum.

A

23

Anatomy (12 decks)

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