Chapter 5 Flashcards
What are Bones Organic and Inorganic
compounds?
-Inorganic: Forms of calcium phosphate, Hydroxyapatite most commonly, -Organic: Cells, Fibers, and Ground substance.
The three kinds of cells in bone tissue.
-Osteoblasts(Secrete fibers, and the organic part of the ground substance) -Osteoclasts (multinucleated, active in bone reabsorption) -Osteocytes (Retired Osteoblasts trapped by their own secretion)
What is Lamellae?
The alternating layer of entrapped osteocytes and the matrix are called lamellae
The four kinds of lamellae
Concentric, interstitial, and external.
Lamellae that surround neurovascular channels within the cortex of bone are termed…
Osteonal or concentric lamellae.
A set of concentric (osteonal) lamellae and neurovascular structures which they surround is an…
Osteon
Central canals are…
Neurovascular passage ways of Osteons.
Neurovascular passageways that pass through bone perpendicular to the long axis.
Nutrient canals.
Canaliculi are…
Tiny channels through the lamellae.
How many bones in the superior limb?
34 bones with 22 long bones, eight short bones and two sesamoid bones.
How many bones in the inferior limb.
33 bones. One flat bone, 22 long bones, seven short bones, and three sesamoid bones.
an Osteon is…
a set of concentric lamellae and the neurovasclar structures which they surround.
The partial remnants of existing lamellae left behined by osteoclasts as they reabsorb stuff.
Interstitial lamellae
What is External circumferential lamellae?
The several layers of lamellae that surround the bone.
Lamellae that lines the medullary cavities in mature bones.
Internal circumferential lamellae.
Name the tissues found in bones.
Nervous tissue, Smooth muscle tissue, Bone marrow tissue, Connective Tissue Proper, Cartilage, adipose tissue, and epithelium tissue.
Physical functions of bones…
Physical support, allow bow body movement, protective enclosures for vital organs
Metabolic functions of bones…
House bone marrow tissue (which produces most of the blood cells Medullary store extra adipose tissue, stores calcium and phosphorus which helps the body maintain critical blood levels of those minerals.
Classify the bones of the skeleton into two groups by position
Appendicular Skeleton (associated with limbs), Axial skeleton (within the head, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum),
Classify the bones of the skeleton into 5 groups by shape
Long bones (Elongated diminution, 88 total 65 are phalanges), short bones (eight carpal bones in each wrist, seven tarsal bones in each ankle), flat bones (, irregular bones, Sesamoid bones.
What are the shape of Axial vs. appendicular bones.
Axial are irregular/flat bones. Appendicular bones are primarily long/flat/short
What are some of the features found in long bones only?
The epiphysis, and the Diaphysis
The aria between the endosteum and the pariosteum?
The cortex
What are the names and shapes of all the bones in the superior limb?
34 Bones total. two flat bones (clavicle, scapula) 22long bones, (humerus, radius, ulna, fife metacarpal bones, 14 phalanges), Eight short bones (carpal bones), and two sesamoid bones at the base of the thumb.
