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VP > chapter 7 - 3 > Flashcards

chapter 7 - 3 Flashcards

1
Q

thyroid gland composed of

A

follicular cell in thyroid follicles

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2
Q

colloid serves as

A

extracellular storage site of thyroid hormone

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3
Q

storage sites form as

A

thyroglobin

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4
Q

thyroglobulin is a

A

large glycoprotein

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5
Q
  1. synthesized by follicular cells
A

thyroglobulin

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6
Q
  1. secreted into colloid by exocytosis
A

thyroglobulin

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7
Q
  1. thyroid follicular cells capture
A

iodine

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8
Q
    1. iodide is
A

oxidized to active form by TPO

moves into lumen of follicle

into colloid

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9
Q
  1. iodine is — and -attached to — molecules
A

activated and attached to tyrosine on Tg

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10
Q

Tyrosine molecules on Tg

A

MIT
DIT

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11
Q

MIT

A

1 iodine

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12
Q

DIT

A

two iodine

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13
Q
  1. iodinated tyrosines couple to form—
A

T4 and T3

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14
Q
  1. follicular cells take up
A

Tg by phagocytosis

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15
Q
  1. lysosomal enzymes split
A

t4 t3 MIT and dit

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16
Q
  1. t3 and 4 —–
A

diffuse across follicular cells membrane into blood

MIT and dit recycled

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17
Q

what is mti and dit recycled to

A

iodine and tyrosine

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18
Q

t3 is major

A

biologically active form of thyroid hormone

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19
Q

most secreted r4 si

A

activated by deiodinase enzyme

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20
Q

t3 binds with

A

nuclear rec to thyroid respsonse element of DNA

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21
Q

t3 binding alters

A

transcription of mRNA and synthesis spec prt

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22
Q

mechanism of thyroid hormone action

A
  1. sec t4 Is activated by conversion of t3 by deiodinase
  2. 3 binds to nuclear rec at thyroid-release element of dna
  3. transcription altered, mRNA activated, prt cerated
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23
Q

effects of thyroid hormones

A

BMR increase
growth
CNA
heart rate

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24
Q

NFL in hypothalamus pituitary thyroid axis

A

TSH
TRH
t3 and t4

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25
Q

NGL TSH

A

stim every step

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26
Q

NFL TRH

A

Stims TSH in anterior pituitary

elevated 3 4 inhibits TSH

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27
Q

factors aff thyroid hormone

A

stress
cold

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28
Q

stress

A

inhibits TSH

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29
Q

cold

A

stim TSh

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30
Q

hypothyroidism

A

low thyroid activity

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31
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

elevated thyroid activity

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32
Q

adrenal glands

A

above kidneys

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33
Q

outer adrenal cortex is made of

A

steroidogenic cells

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34
Q

inner adrenal medulla

A

composed of chromaffin cells of neural crest origin

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35
Q

adrenal cortex hormones

A

mineralo-corticoids
gluco-corticoids
sex steroids

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36
Q

adrenal cortex steroids derived from

A

cholesterol

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37
Q

mineralocorticoids

A

mineral balance

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38
Q

glucocorticoids

A

metabolism of glucose
prt
lipids

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39
Q

glucocrticoids effects

A

metabolic rates
permissive actions
memory
stress

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40
Q

NFL in hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis

A

ACTH
CRH

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41
Q

ACTH

A

stim cortisol secretion

42
Q

CRH

A

stim ACTH sec by corticotropes

43
Q

elevated glucocorticoid levels

A

inhibit CRH and ACTH secr

44
Q

stress in adrenal axis

A

stim CRH

45
Q

abnorm adrenocortical

A

Cushing syndrome
Addison’s disease

46
Q

Addison’s disease

A

adrenocortical deficiency
adrenal steroids

47
Q

aldosterone defic

A

fatal

48
Q

cortisol defic

A

poor stress response

49
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

excessive cortisol secr

50
Q

cells in adrenal medulla are

A

chromaffin are modified postganglionic sympathetic neurons

51
Q

chromaffin secrete

A

nopinephrine
epinephrine

52
Q

NE and epinephrine stored in

A

chromaffin granules by tyrosine

53
Q

secretin of NE and EP is

A

exocytosis

54
Q

secretion of NE and EP stim by

A

sympathetic system

55
Q

stress response is coordinated by

A

hypothalamus

56
Q

stress chain

A

act sympathetic NS
sec CRH
sec vasopressin

57
Q

all chemical rxn occur within body cells

A

metabolismmet

58
Q

metabolism types

A

anabolism
catabolism

59
Q

anabolism

A

larger org mole
energy

60
Q

catabolism

A

breakdown of organic moles
hydrolysis
oxidation of glucose for energy

61
Q

reg of metabolic fuels

A

absorptive
post absorptive state

62
Q

absorptive state

A

after meal
glucose used
nutrients stores as glycogen

63
Q

post absorptive state

A

between meals
endogenous energy mobilized
fatty acids energy source

64
Q

pancreas composed of

A

exocrine and endocrine tissues

65
Q

exocrine

A

sec digestive enz thru pancreatic ducts into lumen

66
Q

islets fo langerhans

A

integrators of endocrine reg resp

sec hormones

67
Q

glucose homeostasis reg

A

pancreatic horm

68
Q

glucose homeostasis hormones

A

bata cells
alpha cells
D
F

69
Q

bata cells

A

insulin

70
Q

alpha cells

A

glucagon

71
Q

d cells

A

somatostatin

72
Q

f cells

A

pancreatic poypeptide

73
Q

insulin effects

A

lowers:
blood glucose
blood fatty acids
blood AA

74
Q

lower blood glucose promotes

A

storage of carbohydrates

75
Q

lower blood glucose stimulates

A

glycogenesis

inhibits:
glyco and gluconeo genesis in liver

76
Q

lower blood fatty acids

A

promotes triglyceride storage

77
Q

lower blood fatty acids stim and inh

A

stim glucose fatty acids
inh lipolysis

78
Q

lower blood AA enhances

A

prt snth

79
Q

lower blood AA promotes

A

uptake of AA into cells

80
Q

NFL insulin

A

pancreatic bata cells and blood glucose levels

81
Q

stimulates insulin secre

A

AA
gastrointestinal horm
parasympathetic

82
Q

glucagon

A

oppose insulin

83
Q

glucagon incr

A

hepatic glucose
raises blood glucose and fatty acid levels

84
Q

glucagon sec

A

incr during post absorptive state

85
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

elev glucose levels
excessive peeing

86
Q

diabetes types

A

1 and 2

87
Q

type 1 diabetes

A

insulin dep
lack of secretion

88
Q

type 2 diabetes

A

non insulin dep
reduced cell sensitivity to insulin

89
Q

parathyroid hormones sec by

A

parathyroid glands

90
Q

PTH rasies

A

plasma ca2 levels
promotes reabsorption of ca2 in places

91
Q

PTH secretion is increased in

A

response to fall in plasma ca2

92
Q

calcitonin prod by

A

c cells in thyroid gland

93
Q

calcitonin

A

Dec plasma ca2
Dec bone resorption

94
Q

calcitonin sec is increased in response to

A

incr plasma ca2

95
Q

skin produces

A

vit d

96
Q

vit d promotes

A

ca2 absorption in intestines

97
Q

ca2 disorders

A

hyperparathyroidism
vit d def
excessive demands

98
Q

hyperparathyroidism

A

excess PTH secr

99
Q

vit d deficie

A

impaired intestinal abs of ca2
de==weak bones

100
Q

parturient paresis

A

milk fever in cows

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