Chap 1

Question 1

Proximal causes

Answer 1

mechanism
how

Question 2

ultimate cause

Answer 2

evolutionary
why

Question 3

single celled organism

Answer 3

all functions with single cell

Question 4

multicellular org

Answer 4

specialized cells to handle specific tasks

Question 5

Tissue types

Answer 5

epithelial
connective
muscular
nervous

Question 6

epithelial

Answer 6

specialized for material exchange

Question 7

connective

Answer 7

few cells embedded in matrix

Question 8

muscular

Answer 8

optimized for movement

Question 9

nervous

Answer 9

optimized to convey info

Question 10

organs

Answer 10

composed of 2 or more tissues to do funct

Question 11

organ system

Answer 11

collection of organs that interact to accomplish common act

Question 12

surface area

Answer 12

square of radius

Question 13

volume

Answer 13

cube of radius

Question 14

smaller SA to volume

Answer 14

larger- retention of heat
more food

Question 15

internal env. extracellular fluid

Answer 15

plasma interstitial fluid

Question 16

homeostatis regulation

Answer 16

concentrate. o2 and co2
ph
water
temp

Question 17

thermoregulation

Answer 17

vary in homeostatic abilities

Question 18

regulators

Answer 18

use internal mech to def a constant state

Question 19

conformers

Answer 19

internal state varies with envir.

Question 20

avoiders

Answer 20

minimize internal variables by avoiding env. disturb.

Question 21

neg feedback

Answer 21

occurs when a change in controlled variable triggers a response that opposes that change

Question 22

comp of neg feedback

Answer 22

sensors
integrator
effector

Question 23

sensors

Answer 23

measures the variable regulated

Question 24

integrator

Answer 24

compares sensed info with set point

Question 25

effector

Answer 25

makes corrective action

Question 26

antagonistic control

Answer 26

two effectors with opposite effects

Question 27

behaviors as effectors

Answer 27

avoiders

Question 28

systems of feedback loop

Answer 28

anticipation
acclimatization

Question 29

anticipation

Answer 29

predicts oncoming change before reg state changed

Question 30

acclimatization system

Answer 30

alter existing feedback & other components over time to work in new situation

Question 31

not homeo

Answer 31

locomotion
growth
dev
pos FB

Question 32

pos feedback system

Answer 32

rapid
enhanced so controlled variable cont to move in direction of change

Question 33

pathophysiology

Answer 33

altered physiology by disease

Question 34

Cellular level controls

Answer 34

intrinsic controls
extrinsic control

Question 35

intrinsic controls

Answer 35

reg. by tissue or organ for own benefit

Question 36

extrinsic controls

Answer 36

reg mech outside organ to alter activity

Question 37

whole body control systems

Answer 37

nervous
endocrine

Question 38

support and movement

Answer 38

skeletal
muscular