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VP > chap 3 > Flashcards

chap 3 Flashcards

1
Q

plasma membrane

A

encloses intracellular contents
selective

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2
Q

phospholipids

A

hydrophilic head
2 tails
lipid bilayer
fluid structure

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3
Q

cholesterol

A

btw phospholipids to prevent crystallization
stabilize
rigidity

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4
Q

membrane protein types

A

integral
transmembrane
peripheral

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5
Q

integral

A

in bilayer

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6
Q

transmembrane

A

through membrane

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7
Q

peripheral prts

A

inner or outer surface

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8
Q

models

A

fluid and membrane skeleton fence model

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9
Q

fluid mosaic model

A

prt float freely in lipids

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10
Q

membrane skeleton fence model

A

mobility of prt restricted by cytoskeleton

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11
Q

Specialized funct membrane prt

A

channels
carriers
receptors
docking marker acceptor
enzymes
CAM
self-identity marker

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12
Q

membrane carbohydrates

A

outer surface
carbohydrates bound to prt or lipids
self recognition and cell to cell

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13
Q

membrane is

A

selective permeable

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14
Q

permeability dep

A

high lipid solubility
size

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15
Q

force

A

prod movem across membrane
passive or ATP

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16
Q

diffusion types

A

random collisions

concentrations
equilibrium

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17
Q

Fick’s law of diffusion

A

rate at which diffusion occurs

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18
Q

unassisted membrane transport

A

movements of ions acr mem affected by electrical charge

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19
Q

electrical gradient

A

diff in charge btw 2 adj areas

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20
Q

conduction

A

electrical gradient passively induces ion movement

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21
Q

electrochemical gradient

A

sim exist of an elec grad. and concent grad

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22
Q

osmosis

A

lower to higher solute concentration

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23
Q

driving force osmosis

A

water conc gradient

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24
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

opposes osmosis

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25
Q

osmotic pressure

A

press req to stop osmotic flow

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26
Q

osmotic pressure is

A

proportional to concent of nonpenetrating solute

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27
Q

tonicity

A

effect of solute con on cell volume

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28
Q

types of tonicity

A

isotonic
hypotonic
hypertonic

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29
Q

isotonic solution

A

same conc for nonpenetrating sol as in normal cells
vol constant

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30
Q

hypotonic solution

A

vol increases perhaps to the point of lysish

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31
Q

hypertonic

A

decr causing crenation

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32
Q

bilayer impermeable to

A

large
charged ions

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33
Q

assisted membrane transport

A

channel
carrier medicated
vesicular transport

34
Q

channel transport

A

transmembrane
highly selective
ions or water
gated and leak
faster

35
Q

channel membrane

A

gated and leak

36
Q

gated channels

A

opened or closed

37
Q

leak channels

A

open at all times

38
Q

carrier medicated transports

A

reversible changes
binding
water soluble
facilitated or active transport

39
Q

charact of carrier medicated

A

specificity
saturated
competition

40
Q

specificity

A

specialized to transport spec subs

41
Q

saturation

A

limit to amount of sub can trans

42
Q

competition

A

compounds may compete for same carrierfac

43
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

passive
high to low
no energy
attaches on binding site on prt carrier

44
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

molecule t binding site
carrier prt changed shape - into cell
molecule detatches
carrier normal again

45
Q

active transport

A

against gradient
req energy
primary transport - dir req
secondary trans- ion gradient

46
Q

Na / K ATPase pump

A

3 Na out 2K in
splits ATP for energy
maintains gradient
cell volume

47
Q

secondary active transport

A

ion across by cotransport prt
nutrient molecule against grad

48
Q

vesicular transport

A

membrane bound vesicles
endocytosis
exocytosis
must be balanced to remain constant

49
Q

endocytosis

A

incorporates outside subs into cell

50
Q

exocytosis

A

releases subs into ECF

51
Q

NCX sodium calcium exchanger

A

3 sodium in
1 calc out
sodium concentration by na/k

52
Q

direct intercellular communication

A

gap junction
transient linkup of surface
nanotubes

53
Q

indirect intercellular comm.

A

synthesized by spec cells
spec receptors on target cells

54
Q

cat of chemical messengers

A

paracrines
neurotransmitters
hormones

55
Q

paracrines

A

local chem messengers exerted only on neighboring cells

56
Q

neurotransmitters

A

neurons
directly with cells they innervate

57
Q

hormone

A

long range
secreted into circulation by endocrine glands

58
Q

more cat chemical messengers

A

neurohormones
pheromones
cytokines

59
Q

neurohormones

A

hormones released into circulation by neurosecretory neurons

60
Q

pheromones

A

envir to reach sensory cells of other animals

61
Q

cytokines

A

regulatory peptides made by almost any cell

62
Q

signal transduction

A

extracellular chem messengers bind to receptors to trigger chain inside cell

63
Q

signal transduction stages

A

receptions
transduction
response

64
Q

signal transduction

A

pass thr target cells to bind intracellular receptors
second messenger
alter gene transcription

65
Q

membrane receptor channels

A

chemically gates
voltage
mechanically

66
Q

chemically gated

A

binding extracellular chem mess to a spec mem receptor

67
Q

voltage gated

A

respond to change in electrical current in membrane

68
Q

mechanically gated

A

stretching or other deformation of channel

69
Q

phosphorylating enzyme types

A

prt kinase
phosphorylated prt
tyrosine kinase

70
Q

prt kinase

A

phosph a target cell prt

71
Q

phosphorylated prt

A

changes shape and function

72
Q

tyrosine kinase

A

phos its own

73
Q

g prt coupled receptors

A

inactive g prt
hormone binds
releases GTP
alpha sub with effectors prt in membrane

74
Q

cyclic AMP pathway

A

binding of hormone to rec
act G prt
alpha subunit with adenylyl cyclase
ATP to cyclic amp
active. ptr kinase a
phosph intra cellular prt

75
Q

second messenger system

A

amplification
down or up regulation
antagonistic block
agonists activate step in

76
Q

membrane potential

A

sep of charges across plasma membrane

77
Q

membrane potential primarily due to

A

differences in the distribution and permeability of ions

78
Q

equilibrium potential

A

membrane potential no net movement across membrane

79
Q

concentration gradient

A

balanced by opposing electrical gradient

80
Q

Nernst equation

A

ion = 61/z log co/ci

81
Q

Goldman Hodgkin Katz equation

A

relative perm and concentration grad

82
Q
A

VP (10 decks)

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