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VP > chap 4 > Flashcards

chap 4 Flashcards

1
Q

excitable cells

A

transient rapid changes
paramecia
neurons
muscle cells

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2
Q

paramecia

A

rapid reverse dir of beating cilia bc of stimulus

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3
Q

nerve cells

A

rec
proc
and initiate transmit messages

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4
Q

muscle cells

A

contract

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5
Q

polarization

A

charges sep across plasma membrane

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6
Q

depolarization

A

less negative

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7
Q

repolarization

A

returns to resting

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8
Q

hyperpolarization

A

more neg than resting

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9
Q

ion channels

A

leak and gated

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10
Q

leak

A

open all the time

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11
Q

gated channels

A

open or close in resp to events
voltage-gated
chem gated
mechanically gated

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12
Q

graded potentials

A

local changes in pot in varying degrees
triggering event
de or hyper
magnitude diminishes with distance

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13
Q

current

A

flow of electrical charges

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14
Q

resistance

A

hindrance to elec charge movm

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15
Q

ohm’s law

A

passive movement of elec depol

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16
Q

conductors

A

low resistance

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17
Q

insulators

A

higher resistance

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18
Q

currents cant

A

flow against membrane

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19
Q

graded potentials

A

receptors
end-plate
pacemaker

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20
Q

action potentials

A

brief rapid and large changes in memb pot

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21
Q

action pot steps

A

depolarization: until threshold met -55v
explosive depol (+30)
membrane repol (-70)
transient afterhyperpol. (-80)

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22
Q

voltage gated ion channel,s

A

resp for permeability changed
na channels
activation
inactivation
k channels

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23
Q

na channels

A

2 gates

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24
Q

activation gate

A

guards channel

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25
Q

inactivation gate

A

blocks channel

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26
Q

k channels

A

1 gate

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27
Q

Na k steps

A

resting; na and k closed
threshold: open na enters - depol
pos FB cycle
na inactive gates close at peak

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28
Q

zone of neurons

A

input
trigger
axon hillock

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29
Q

input zone

A

rec and integrates income sign

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30
Q

cell body

A

contains nucleus and organelles

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31
Q

dendrites

A

inc SA for signal

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32
Q

trigger zone

A

site where ac pot initi

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33
Q

axon hillock

A

first part of axon and reg axon leaves

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34
Q

conducting zone

A

cond action pot away from cell body

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35
Q

output zone

A

rel chem mess to affect nearby cells

36
Q

axon terminal

A

highly branched ending

37
Q

contiguous conduction

A

depol current spreads
threshold reached

38
Q

depol current spreads

A

site of action pot to inactive area

39
Q

action pot

A

propagated along length of axon

40
Q

refractory period

A

ensure unidirectional propagation of action potential

41
Q

absolute refractory period

A

compl unresponsive
closing na gates

42
Q

relative refractory period

A

sec act pot only by stronger event
k gates closing

43
Q

myelination

A

myelinated fibers wrapped by myelin forming cells

44
Q

myelination of axes

A

oligodendrocytes - CNS
Schwann cells- PNS
insulators

45
Q

nodes of Ranvier

A

exposed regions btw myeline forming cells
high conc of Na channels

46
Q

synapses

A

spec junc btw neuron and a target cell

47
Q

presynaptic neuron

A

signaling cellpos

48
Q

postsynaptic cell

A

target for presynaptic neuron

49
Q

electrical synapses

A

gap junct

50
Q

chemical synapses

A

neurotransmitters into synaptic cleft

51
Q

slower than elec synapses

A

synaptic delay

52
Q

chem synaptic transmission

A

fast
synaptic vesicles
opens voltage gated ca channels
released by exocytosis
comb w receptors on subsynaptic memb
binding trig ion channels

53
Q

excitatory synapses

A

binding NT opens nonspecific cation channels
grad inward movem leading to depol
excitatory postsynaptic potential

54
Q

inhibitory synapses

A

binding opens specific k or cl channels
outward mov of k or inw mov of cl to hyperpolarization
inhibitory postsynaptic potential

55
Q

neurotransmitters are

A

quickly removed from synaptic cleft
diffuse away or inactivated by enzyme or into axon terminal by reuptake carrier

56
Q

NT in slow synapses

A

act intracellular sec messengers

57
Q

neuromuscular junction

A

synapses btw motor neuron and skeletal muscles fiber

58
Q

terminal button

A

fits into shallow depression in motor end plate

59
Q

neuromuscular transmission step

A

AP reaches axon terminal
opens VG ca channel
ACh is released by exocytosis
ACh binds to cholinergic receptors on motor end plate
ACH binds ion channels
depol
action P initiates contraction

60
Q

acetylcholine

A

stored in synaptic vesicles in terminal button

61
Q

a single EPP

A

sufficient to initiate an action potential

62
Q

Neuromuscular synapse

A

ACH reversible and stopped
ACH binds to cholinergic rec
inactivated by acetylcholinesterase
enzy loc in motor end plate removal of ACH term the EPP

63
Q

termporal summation

A

sum of epsp produced by repeating firing of presynaptic neuron

64
Q

spatial summation

A

sum on epsp originating simul from sev diff umputs

65
Q

epsp and ipsp

A

cancel

66
Q

grand postsynaptic potential

A

composite of all epsp and isps occuring at about same time

67
Q

action pot initiated in

A

axon hillock

68
Q

neuropeptides

A

2 - 40 aa
axon terminals by axonal transport
dense core vesicles
rel by ca induced exosytosis
neuromodulators

69
Q

presynaptic inhibition

A

red neurotransmitter released

70
Q

presnaptic facilitation

A

enhances neurotransmitter released

71
Q

synapses on other cells

A

divergence

72
Q

convergence

A

neurons synapsing on it

73
Q

tetrodotoxin

A

blocks VG Na channels

74
Q

TEA

A

blocks K channels

75
Q

ouabain

A

stops pumps

76
Q

drugs that alter synaptic transmission

A

prozac
cocaine
caffeine
ethyl alcohol

77
Q

prozac

A

inhibits serotonin reuptake

78
Q

cocaine

A

inhib dopamine reuptake

79
Q

caffeine

A

blocks adenosine rec

80
Q

ethyl alcohol

A

stim inh GABA rec

81
Q

strychnine

A

competes with inh NT, glycine at postsynaptic rec

82
Q

tetanus toxin

A

prev rel of GABA

83
Q

black widow

A

explosive release of ACh

84
Q

curare

A

clocks ACH rec

85
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

AID antibodies attack ach rec

86
Q

neostigmine

A

inh acetylcholinesterase
prolonging act of ACh

VP (10 decks)

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