Chapter 7

Question 1

name the 6 types of nutrients humans need in their diet?

Answer 1

1.Carohydates
2. vitamins
3. proteins
4. minerals
5. fats
6.water

Question 2

What is a balanced diet?

Answer 2

a diet that contains all the required nutients ,in suitable proportions

Question 3

What are carbohydrates needed for?

Answer 3

energy

Question 4

What does carbohydrates include?

Answer 4

starch & sugar

Question 5

name 2 foods that includes carbohydrates?

Answer 5

1. potatoes
2. rice

Question 6

what are fats & oils used for?

Answer 6

energy & to make cell membrane

Question 7

How do we obtain fats?

Answer 7

from cooking oils , meats ,eggs

Question 8

what are proteins used for?

Answer 8

needed to build new cells for growth

Question 9

where do we get proteins from ?

Answer 9

meat,fish,eggs

Question 10

what foods contain vitamin c?

Answer 10

citrus fruits
oranges

Question 11

Why is vitamin C needed?

Answer 11

to make the stetchy protein collagen

Question 12

What disease can you get if you have a lack of vitamin C?

Answer 12

scurvy (causes pain in joints & muscles,bleeding gums)

Question 13

What foods contain vitamin D?

Answer 13

butter
egg yolk
(sunlight)

Question 14

why is vitamin D needed?

Answer 14

helps calcium to be absorbed

Question 15

What disease can you get if you have a lack of vitamin D ?

Answer 15

rickets (bones becomes soft & deformed)

Question 16

What foods contain calcium?

Answer 16

milk
bread

Question 17

Why is calcium needed?

Answer 17

bones & teeth
blood clotting

Question 18

What disease do you get if you have a lack of calcium?

Answer 18

brittle bones & teeth
poor blood clotting

Question 19

What foods contain iron?

Answer 19

liver
red meat
egg yolk
dark green vegtables

Question 20

Why is iron needed?

Answer 20

for making haemoglobin ( the red pigment in blood which carries oxygen)

Question 21

What disease can you get if you have a lack of iron?

Answer 21

anaemia ( not enough red blood cells )

Question 22

What does fiber help with?

Answer 22

keep the alimentary canal working properly

Question 23

what is peristalsis?

Answer 23

rhythmical muscular concractions taht move food through the alimentary canal

Question 24

How many % of water is in the human body?

Answer 24

more than 60%

Question 25

What is a digestive system?

Answer 25

the group of organs that carries out digestion of food

Question 26

What is the liver ?

Answer 26

a large,dark, red organ that carries out different functions

Question 27

What is pancreas?

Answer 27

a creamy-white organ lying close to the stomach

Question 28

What does absorbed mean?

Answer 28

soaked up,nutrients gets absorbed from the alimentary canal into the blood

Question 29

Name the 5 step process the digestive system deals with food?

Answer 29

1. ingestion 2. digestion 3. absorption 4.assimilation 5.egestion

Question 30

What does ingestion mean?

Answer 30

food that is taken into the alimentary canal

Question 31

What does digestion mean?

Answer 31

the breakdown of food

Question 32

What does absorption mean?

Answer 32

small molecules that are absored into the blood

Question 33

What does assimilation mean?

Answer 33

it is what happens to the nutrients as they become part of the body

Question 34

What does egestion mean?

Answer 34

the removal of undigested food from th body as faeces

Question 35

What is a alimentary canal?

Answer 35

a long tube which runs from the mouth to the anus

Question 36

What does the digestive system also include?

Answer 36

liver pancreas

Question 37

What does the wall of the alimentary canal contain?

Answer 37

muscles ,which contracts and relax to make food move along

Question 38

what is the muscular contractions called?

Answer 38

peristalsis

Question 39

What is sphincter muscles?

Answer 39

rings of muscle that can contract to close a tube

Question 40

what helps the food slide through the alimetary canal?

Answer 40

mucus

Question 41

where is mucus made?

Answer 41

in goblet cells

Question 42

what are goblet cells?

Answer 42

cells found in the lining of the respiratory passages

Question 43

name the 5 step which the food passes by?

Answer 43

1. mouth 2. the oesophagus 3. the stomach 4. small intestine 5. large intestine

Question 44

What glands make saliva?

Answer 44

the salivary glands

Question 45

What is a oesphohagus?

Answer 45

the tube leading from the mouth to the stomach

Question 46

How long is the small intestine?

Answer 46

5m

Question 47

name the 2 stages digestion takes place?

Answer 47

1. physical digestion(large pieces of food are broken down into smaller pieces) 2. chemical digestion(large molecules are broekn into smaller molecules,which involves chemical reactions)

Question 48

what enzyme breaks down starch?

Answer 48

amylase (reducing sugars)

Question 49

What enzyme breaks down protein?

Answer 49

protease (amino acids)

Question 50

what enzyme breaks down fat?

Answer 50

lipase (fatty acids & glycerol)

Question 51

name the 4 types of mammalian teeth?

Answer 51

1. incisors 2.canines 3.premolars 4.molars

Question 52

where is amylase secreted?

Answer 52

salivary glands(in the mouth) pancreas(in the duodenum)

Question 53

Where is protease secreted?

Answer 53

walls of the stomach(in the stomach) pancreas(in the duodenum)

Question 54

Where is lipase secreted?

Answer 54

pancreas(in the duodenum)

Question 55

What is the optimum PH of the stomach?

Answer 55

between 1.5-2.0