chapter 7 Flashcards
saftey , health and wellness
Co’s should create culture of ‘’ within their command in order to prevent:
- accident
- illnesses
- min exposure to risk of crew
safety
npfa 1500 – safety , ‘‘and ‘’
1521- prof ‘’
1561- incident ‘‘and command’’
1581 – infection’’
1582 – medical’’
1584- process for members during emergency ‘‘and ‘’
1852 – care, maintenance of’’
1500- safety health and wellness
1521- prof qualifications
1561- Incident management system, command saftey
1581- infection control programs
1584- process for members during emergency ops and training
1852- care,maintenance of scba p. 159
ex of personnel qualifications
can be
- medical certs
- vehicle/ truck operation certs
- professional qualifications
only the Orgs f’x3 can be directly controlled and be made safe as possible
facilities, stations and apparatus
Workplace can be divided into :
x4
- emergency scene
- en route /from to emergency
- facilities p. 160
orgs MNGT holds ultimate responsibility of providing a safe workplace which includes ensuring “””
- ensuring personnel accountability
Leading injuries among FF are
strains and sprains
’’ injuries include:
- trauma
- asphyxiation
- cuts bruise
- thermal stress
- burns
- behavioral issues p. 161
Acute
’’’ injuries include exposure to carcinogen
behavioral health ptsd
chronic
what is the most common cause of incident fatalities
cardiac arrest
Injuries can be prevented by developing accurate ‘’ and utilizing sound ‘’ practices
scene size up skills
risk MNGT
Co’s should ‘‘x3 personnel regarding polices and procedures as well as maintain accountability of personnel C,E,E
comply, enforce and EDu
Co’s must address unsafe ‘‘and ‘’ to ensure safety
acts/conditions
Incident scene ‘’’ include:
Accountability systems
- Full ppe
- Mandatory respiratory protection plans
- Training and edu
- Health and wellness sop/g
- NIMS-ics
- Use of control zones
- Pre incident planning
risk controls
Niosh
BLS
USFA
NFPA are Orgs that are good sources for current ‘’’ 162
injuries and fatality
Exs of ‘’’ Acts
- free Lancing
- absence of fire ground Accountability
- uncoordinated Attack vent
- failure to maintain Crew integrity
- improper Communications
- inconsistent fire ground ops
- lack of’ ppe
- lack of sitational Awareness
- no rehab
unsafe
exs of unsafe condtions :
- zero ‘’
- unsafe ‘’
- rapidly moving’’
- toxic ‘’ in smoke
- hostile’’
- unstable ‘’
visibility
structures
fire
gases/particles
crowds
vehicles
Volatile organic compands ( VOC) and Polycyclic Hydrocarbobs ( PAHs) can penetrate ‘’ and become a ‘’ hazard
ppe
skin absorption p. 163
Many ‘’’ can be prevented through
- Apparatus design and maintenance
- driver/operator training and certs
- incident analysis to identify contribution and causal factor
casualties
ex’s of unsafe acts
- driving to fast/in bad conditions like snow rain
- no seat belt
- to close to other drivers
- ignoring traffic laws
- lack of vehicle maintenance
Unsafe weather conditions during response x4
- weather
- poor roads
- pedestrians on roads
- traffic p. 164
non emergency Casualties:-
fatalities or injuries that occur while performing adm dutie :
- T ‘’
- code ‘’
- M’’
- non incident ‘’
- training
- code enforcement
- maintenance
- non incident related situation
best method for providing a safe workplace is
proper maintenance
Co’s should be able to recognize and address unsafe acts :
- not using ‘’ for wet surfaces
- improper use of ‘’ things
- H’’
- brining ‘’ into living areas
not using warning signs for wet surfaces
- improper use of power tools/ lifting things
- horseplay
- brining contaminated equipment into living areas p. 165
Unsafe acts within Facilities :
- not enough ‘’
- wet’’
- '’walk ways
- lack of ‘’
- blocked’’
- fire door’’
- not enough light
- wet floors
- slippery/icy walk ways
- lack of routine maintenacce
- blocked exits
- fire door propped open
at any time Cos can be asked to conduct safty inspections of :
at any time Cos can be asked to conduct safety inspections of
- equipment
- Vehicles
- Facilities p. 166
Cardiovascular disease remains leading cause of firefighter ‘’’’
Cancer and behavioral health are also emerging issues..
Fatalites
Orgs ‘’’ prgrams include:
- info on emergency /non safety practices
- overall wellness
- inspections, and accident investigations
p. 167
safety, health and wellness
WHAT ‘’’ practices include :
- risk mngt plans
- accident, injury and illness prevention programs
- investigation/review process
- safety and health programs
- medical exposure prog
- rehabs
Safety, health AND wellness
what ‘’ is process of identify and analyzing exposure to hazards, selecting right techs ,implementing techs and monitoring results of those techs
RISK MNGT
what ‘’ evaluates risk and hazards that affect Org and provide control measures to reduce the frequency, severity and probability of a negative event
organizational risk MNGT
what ‘‘assess risk and hazards FF face while performing ops, includes how to eval risk
operational risk MNGT
RISK CONTROL MEASURES can be divided into :
Administative controls :
- ‘’
- ‘’ progs
- ‘’ and ‘’
- ‘’ and’’
Engineering Controls :
- safety’’
- mechanical’’
- lockout’’
PERSONAL PROECTION:
- ‘’
- ‘’ design
Administative controls :
- sops/gs
- health, safety and wellness progs
- traing and edu
- regs and standards
Engineering Controls :
- safety features
- mechanical ventilation
- lockout tagout
PERSONAL PROECTION:
- PPE
- TOOLS And equip design
p. 168
5 Distinct components of organizational risk MNGT
RI
E
EPA
RCT
RMM
- Risk Identification
- Evaluation
- ESt of priorities for action
- Risk control tech
- Risk mngt monitoring
what is conducted in the community, within the org and within the operational setting at emergency and no emergency incidents
risk identifications
evaluated on their probability and potential for negative consequences, including the anticipated severity and frequency of occurrence ARE ‘’ EVALUATIONS
risk evaluation
determined by ranking the identified risks on the degree of severity and frequency
est. of priorities for action
identified CONTROL measure for each significant RISK
risk- control techniques
ongoing process to monitor the risk control measures. recommended for plan revision will be based on this
risk MNGT monitoring
5 step process that maintains a continuous loop in order to eval risk:
SA
HA
HC
DP
E
- Situational awareness
- Hazard assessment
- Hazard control
- Decision point
- Evaluate p. 169
Co’s should encourage members to participate , as needed in the following programs :
TCP
D/AAP
EAP
BHS
tabacco cessation programs
drug and alcohol abuse programs
EAP
Behavioral health services p.170
what x3 can mitigate emotional suffering and reduce the risk of suicide among FF
A
K
A
awareness, knowledge and action
risk factors for FF ‘’’
- sleep deprivation
- traumatic event
- loss of close relationship
- knowing others ho have died by suicide
- booze and drugs
- injury or illness
- lack of social support
mental illness:
Warning signs for FF ‘’ are :
– sudden withdrawal from social contract
- increase reckless behavior
- suicide plan
- feeling hopelessness
- mood swings
mental illness
Things you can do to ‘’’ FF mental illness -
- take care of yourself
- talk openly and listen actively
- show compassion
- be direct
- be proactive p. 171
PREVENT
what program provides FF info and training regarding the hazards that exist in their work environment: A,I,I prevention programs
accident , injury and illness prevention program
Most common ‘’ can be divided into the following categories :
Physical injury - Occupational illness - Motor vehicle related accident - Respiratory injury or illness - Hazardous material exps
Hazards
’’ may result in injury , death or loss of property
Accident
once the hazard has been identified and prioritized, the CO can reinforce the appropriate ‘’( policy, procedure or equipment ) required to ‘’
corrective measures , protect personal
Orgs must develop and implement an accident (I/r ‘’) , ‘‘P and ‘‘P
t ( investigation/review) , policy and procedure
When accident occurs Investigation/review should be directed towards ‘’ rather that fault-finding
facts. 172
The Purpose of ‘’’ is to identify and document through following :
- thoughts process
- behavior or condition ( root cause)
- defects or design
- training records
- improvement needed
- facts that could have legal impact
- historical trend
investigations
when the incident involves serious personal injuries, the victim must first be ‘’ and ‘‘to a health care facility for medical treatment
stabilized and transported
CO is charge of an incident ensures that the accident scene is ‘‘S and that all ‘‘E, ‘‘C, or ‘‘V is left in place
secured , equipment, clothing or vehicles
anything involved in the incident is ‘’’ for :
- Reconstructing the accident /Preventing future
- supporting Legal cases that may occur as a result
evidence
when should an investigation begin when a unit member is injured
after person gets treatment p . 173
To control and manage threats of safety and health a medical ‘’’’ MNGT program must be established
exposure MNGT program
attempts to determine the cause of the trend regarding ‘’’ would include :
water and air sampling
testing for asbestos
and a review of al emergency response the member has been on
expose
’’’ control program should clearly explain its I,B,P which include the following:
- edu/traing
- vaccinations
- docs and record keeping
- cleaning, decontamination and disinfection of ppe /eqip
- infection control and reporting protocols p174
Written Infection
intent, benefit and purposes
According to OSHA CFR ‘’’ risk must be considered during hazardous material incidents:
exposure exceeding permissible limits
- IDLH concentrations
- Potential skin absorption. Irritation sources
- Eye irritation
- Explosion sensitivity and flammability ranges
- Oxygen deficiency
OSHA CFR 1920
Absorption rates increase ‘’ for every ‘’ degress rise in temp
400 / 5
Areas of high ‘’’ include:
- groin
- jaw
- forehead
- back
- also in arms, hands and ankles to a lesser extentXTENT
absorptions
FF’s are at great risk of these cancers:
B
NH L
M
BM
- Balls ( 2x increase )
- Prostate 1.3x
- Non-hodgkin lymphoma 1.5x
- And multiples myeloma
- Bone marrow p. 175
Preventing and limiting chemical exposures at fires :
- always wear’’
- remain ‘’ and ‘’
- doff ‘’ b4 rehab
- don’t wear contaminated gear inside ‘’ x3 or ‘’
- ‘’ all ppe
- wash ‘’ and ‘’ and ‘’ after fires
always wear scba
- remain uphill, up wind
- doff contaminated gear b4 rehab
- don’t wear contaminated gear inside apparatus , personal vechiles or station
- decontimated all ppe
- wash hands and neck and shower after fires
the following are objectives of ‘’’’/’’’
- do after is had occurred , conducted interview as needed
- learn why those where involved
- better understanding vulnerabilities of org
- Improve
investigations /review :
’’’’ should provide:
- General info
Date and time
Type of incident, illness injury
Location/emergency response type
Name of witnesses
Corrective measures
- Employee characteristics ( participant)
Name and unit assignment
Agent, gender
Rank
PPE clothing
Extenuating circumstances
- Environments
Weather and temperature
Noise and visibility
Day or night
Terrain
- Apparatus /equip info
Equipment
Location
Distinguishing characteristics
Age/condition
Maintenance history
p. 175
Investigations
Final portion of a ‘’’ report is a Narrative description of the incident. this includes officers observation of :
Eyewitness reports
Participant interviews
info from other source such as law enforcement reports / dispatch info p. 177
investigation
what areas are recommend to be ‘’ immediately after any FF efforts:
temples, ear, neck , armpits, wrist, hands and groin
washed
NFPA 1851 stands for
care and maintenance for PPE p. 178
General cleaning and care procedures:
- never use ‘’ on ppe
- clean ppe in ‘’ area
- remove ‘’ and wash separately
- don’t store ppe in ‘’
- don’t ‘’ at home
- dry in ‘’ dryer
- do not hang in direct ‘’
General cleaning and care procedures:
- never use bleach on ppe
- clean ppe in designed cleaning area
- remove liner and wash separately
- don’t store ppe in personal vech
- don’t clean at home
- dry in desgned dryer
- do not hang in direct sunlight
never ‘’ any piece of ppe
modify p. 179
16 FF life saftey Initiatives :
- define and advocate the need for cultural change with the fire service relating to safety incorporate leadership, management, supervision, accountability, and personal responsibility.
- Enhance the personal and organizational accountability for health and safety throughout the fire service.
- Focus greater attention on the integration of risk management with incident management at all levels, including strategic, tactical, and planning responsibilities.
- All firefighters must be empowered to stop unsafe practices.
- Develop and implement national standards for training, qualifications, and certification (including regular recertification) that are equally applicable to all firefighters based on the duties they are expected to perform.
- Develop and implement national medical and physical fitness standards that are equally applicable to all firefighters, based on the duties they are expected to perform.
- Create a national research agenda and data collection system that relates to the initiatives.
- Utilize available technology wherever it can produce higher levels of health and safety.
9.Thoroughly investigate all firefighter fatalities, injuries, and near misses.
10.Grant programs should support the implementation of safe practices and/or mandate safe practices as an eligibility requirement.
11.National standards for emergency response policies and procedures should be developed and championed.
12.National protocols for response to violent incidents should be developed and championed.
13.Firefighters and their families must have access to counseling and psychological support.
14.Public education must receive more resources and be championed as a critical fire and life safety program.
15.Advocacy must be strengthened for the enforcement of codes and the installation of home fire sprinklers.
- Safety must be a primary consideration in the design of apparatus and equipment.
The national wildfire coordinating group provides a guidance on firefighter “””
Mental health and suicide prevention page 171
websites is a voluntary, confidential, non-punitive insecure reporting system with the goal of improving firefighter safety?
www.nationalnearmiss.org
THE FOLLOWING ARE EX’S OF ‘’’ controls :
- sops/gs
- health, safety and wellness progs
- traing and edu
- regs and standards
Administrative
THE FOLLOWING ARE EX’S OF ‘’’ controls :
- safety features
- mechanical ventilation
- lockout tagout
ENGINEERING CONTROLS
THE FOLLOWING ARE EX’S OF ‘’’ controls :
- PPE
- TOOLS And equip design
p. 168
PERSONAL PROECTION:
WHAT is considered a blueprint to reducing firefighter deaths and injuries? FLSI
Firefighter Life Safety Initiatives.
WHAT originated as an email group and produces an independent newsletter that shares information about close call incidents that result in firefighter injuries and fatalities?
www.FirefighterCloseCalls.com
WHAT IS designed to improve the safety, quality, and consistent delivery of Emergency Medical Services?
EVENT (EMS Voluntary Event Notification Tool.)
WHAT provides 11 rules of guidance to individual firefighters regarding risk and safety issues when operating on the fire ground?
IAFC’s Rules of Engagement for Firefighter Survival.
WHAT PART OF THE 5 step process that maintains a continuous loop in order to eval risk IS :
Considering communication plan, weather factor, and previous incident behavior
Hazard assessment
Hazard control
Decision point
Evaluation
Situation awareness
Situational Awareness
WHAT PART OF THE 5 step process that maintains a continuous loop in order to eval risk IS :
Identify hazards, consider severity and future impact?
Hazard assessment
Hazard control
Decision point
Evaluation
Situation awareness
Hazard assessment
WHAT PART OF THE 5 step process that maintains a continuous loop in order to eval risk IS :
Contain isolate eliminate?
Hazard assessment
Hazard control
Decision point
Evaluation
Situation awareness
HAZARD CONTROL
WHAT PART OF THE 5 step process that maintains a continuous loop in order to eval risk IS :
Determining if appropriate resources are available if assignments have been made and understood and if tactics are appropriate:
Hazard assessment
Hazard control
Decision point
Evaluation
Situation awareness
Decision POINT
WHAT PART OF THE 5 step process that maintains a continuous loop in order to eval risk IS :
Determining if the risk management plan is working, what is changing and if personnel are able to complete assignments:
Hazard assessment
Hazard control
Decision point
Evaluation
Situation awareness
Evaluation
WHAT 10 rules to encourage firefighters to pursue healthier lifestyles?
National Volunteer Fire Council’s Rules of Engagement for Firefighter Health.
WHAT is a not-for-profit think tank, consortium group with a mission to promote an EMS safety innovation, collaboration, research, knowledge transfer, education, and safety information dissemination?
EMS Safety Foundation.
What is the best way to ensure that responders do not perform unsafe act during an incident
Training
Examples of’’’ may include
Freelancing or operating independently of CO
Absence of fire ground accountability tracking
Uncoordinated, fire suppression and ventilation
Failure to maintain crew integrity
Improper communication with an incident command
Inconsistent ground operations
Lack of PPE
Lack of situational awareness
Absence of appropriate rehab
Unsafe act
Examples of ‘’’ maY include
Zero visibility
Unsafe, structural conditions
Rapidly moving our uncontrollable fires
Smoke containing toxic gases and particles
Hostile crowd
Unstable vehicles
Unsafe conditions
Which organization provides guidance on firefighter mental illness and suicide prevention?
NWCG
The National Wildfire Coordinating Group.
What reduces accidents, injuries, illnesses, and exposures?
Comprehensive safety health and wellness programs
Provides the company officer with known risks in the community to which responders may be exposed includes:
Evaluating and managing risks for the entire community
Providing emergency services to meet the agencies mission
Ensuring the agency can perform its mission
Community risk management
__________ are internal factors that the company officer or a member of the crew performs. (p.162)
Unsafe aCTS
Today’s FF encounter, toxic gases, vapors, and particles and smoke that contaminate firefighter protective gear and increase the risk of ‘’’’ contamination AND the severity of ‘’’ injury
dermal
inhalation
According to what guideline must accidents, injuries, occupational illnesses, exposures, and near-misses must be investigated or reviewed? (p.176) NFPA ‘’’
NFPA 1500
Unsafe’’’’’ are externally controlled and should be recognized and addressed appropriately
unsafe conditions
Analyzing exposure to hazards, implementing appropriate risk management techniques, and monitoring their results best describes which of the following?
RISK MNGT
In the fire service, who holds the ultimate responsibility for providing a safe workplace?
ORG MNGT
Most fire department safety policies and procedures are based on -
NFPA
