Chapter 5 Flashcards
communication
Cos must communicate effectively w/
supervisors , subordinates and public
Most Daily tasks performed, involve ‘’’ examples are :
- receiving orders from superiors and comm them to subordinates
- comm with others at emergency
- interaction w/ citizens
- writing reports
- training /instructions
interpersonal Comm
THE FOLLOWING ARE Characteristics of ‘’’ comm:
- informal language
- informal nonverbal clues
- freq change of speaker/listener roles
- spontaneity
- formality ( command vs discussion)
- intensity ( tone , pitch and volume ) p.95
interpersonal
interpersonal comms consist of the following : x5
S
M
R
F
I
- sender
- message
- receiver
- feedback
- interference
senders ‘’’ their message based on a number of factors :
edu level
- position of authoery
- personal or ethnic backround
p. 96
encode
receivers are more likely to’’ clearly and respond to senders through’’
understand the message
feedback
5 general purposes for Interpersonal Comms:
L,R,I,P,H
- to learn
- relate
- influence
- play
- help
Avoid language that might be:
O
GB
R
S
- offensive
- gender biased
- racist
- stereotyped
Practicing the following guidelines will hone ‘’’ skills :
- engage in Dual perspective
- take responsibility for Personal feelings and thoughts
- show respect for Feelings and thoughts of the other person
- try to gain Accuracy and clarity in speaking
- be aware of any Special needs of the receiver
- avoid Speaking or addressing a problem while angry or otherwise experiencing strong emotions
verbal comms
p. 97
’’ comms consist of:
- body language
- vocal tones and inflections
- personal appearance
non-verbal
’’’ comms can reveal and project a persons:
- self perception
- emotional state
- approachability
- cultural background
nonverbal
THE FOLLOWING ARE brief description of ‘’’ and recomm for improving them are as follows:
vocal characteristics ( speak slow , make sure words are understood)
- vocal interference ( no filler words and empty phrases )
- eye contact ( 2 muh eye contact be damaging , native americans believe that its disrespectful if not same gender, status or family )
- Facial expression ( universal face expression for 7 emtions are anger , fear, contempt, disgust, joy, sadness and surprise)
- Gestures
- Personal appearance
- Posture
- Poise ( sense of calm and control)
- Proximity ( distance b/tw pp your talking to )
- Touch
-nonverbal elements
Listening, unlike simply hearing is an active process that includes the following :x5
A
U
R
E
R
- attending ( focusing)
- understanding ( decode message)
- Remembering ( notes, asking questions, mnemonic)
- Evaluating ( assessing)
- Responding ( providing feedback)
’’’ is a comm tech used in:
Counseling
Training
Conflict resolution p.100-101
Active listening
listening for and repeating back key elements of speech is a great way to develop
better listening skills
'’a communication technique used in counseling training and complex resolution. It requires that the listener fully concentrates understands response and then remembers what is being said.
p. 101
Active listening
daily oral comm with crews on and off incidents scene include
- issuing crew assignments
- pass along info
- career counseling
- assigning tasks
- receiving reports
if possible remove comm barriers such as ‘’
noises, visual distractions
fear of ‘’’ can be overcome through:
- practice
- public speaking
- private or civic orgs
- instructor traing programs
- good prep
- watching anazlyng ted talks p. 101
public speaking
when issuing instruction to the crew Cos should
- choose words carefully
- deliver message clearly and concisely
- validate understanding
effective comm skills are critical to
- imparting “
- issuing ‘
- keeps crews ‘
- describing ‘
- critiquing ‘
knowledge
commands
attention
skills
training
3 types of speeches are
persuasive
informative
instructional
what speech is the most difficult to develop and yet can be the most important speeches. An officer can give describing a problem in supplying a solution is intended to cause change.
persuasive
key points in writing a ‘’ speech :
attention w/ intro
demonstrate the need for change
best solution
best solution
to accomplish changed ‘’
persuasive
informative speeches provide the audience w/ info on Variety of topics : I,O,P,P,E
- idea
- objects
- procedures
- people
- event
instructional speeches are used to:
T
VA
D
teach
visual add
demo
what is the easiest speech to develop
informative
what do Co’s use ‘’’ speeches to do ?
status reports
project updates
educate the public /media
describe events
training
informative
Follow these practices to successfully write and present A ‘’’ speeches:
Adapt the topic to the audience
speak to the level of your audience
motivate the audience to listen to the speech
repeat the info
orginize the topic in logical manner
use clear transition to move the listener through the topic
use both verbal and nonverbal reinforcement of ideas
build on the fimilair p. 103
informative
Public relation speeches may be ‘’ or ‘’ in nature
informative / persuasive
WHAT ‘’ speeches help Inform and address community concerns
PR
’’’ or oral presenation follow this sequence:
- select topic
- determine Purpose
- generate Ideas
- develop Central idea
- gather Supporting evidence
- Organize speech
- Rehearse speech
- Evaluate speech
preparing speech
Cos may have to prepare written comms such as :
R
PR
L
M
PP
- reports
- press releases
- letters
- memos
- polices procures
written comms must ‘‘x3 in appearance
accurate, consise and professional
documents are written to: E,P,I,E
educate, persuade, inform or enlighten
any digital comm is part of
permanent record
effective writing helps to ensure that the intended purpose is
attained
Co’s must be aware that any form of written comm can be considered ‘’ and ‘’
public record and may be used in legal process
1st step in writing any doc is to determine its ‘’ x3
audience, scope and purpose
written docs must be ‘’ in appearance:
A
C
P
accurate, concise and professional
most CO’s have to ‘‘R,D,F,E each doc that carries their signature
research, draft, finalize and edit
knowing what helps to keep the writer and doc focused
Audience
What scope of a Doc refers to its subjects ?
topic or thesis statement
3 part format for a standard training lesson or plan:
an intro, body and conclusions. 105
Common writing practices requires that outlines be balanced with a min of ‘’ under each heading
2 points
Balance also applies to the use of:
B
N
L
bullets, numbers or letters
headings should be expressed in ‘’ form
parallel
Co’s ‘’’ should keep track of what:
- what happen during shift
- pass along info
- out of service equipment
- public concerns
- documenting internal occurrence requiring further actions
p. 107
journals
what is a quick and simple way of transmitting a message
memo ( may be considered public record)
majority of memos are written to provide the following 6 things :
Who, what , where , when , why and how
memos should be ?
short and to the point
when proofreading look for ? x5
- correct spelling
- punctuation
- grammar
- neatness
- consistent format
’’’’ can be a source of embarrassment and legal difficulties so caution should be taken the following should be should be used as a guideline to determine and edit appropriate content
-facts/data
nothing in writing
criticism, reprimands
profanity
sexist, racist / bad language
exist forever
- remembers memos sent will be ‘’
memos
like memos ‘’ can be part of public record
emails
important reasons for org’s to have proper email etiquette ? x3
P
E
LP
- professionalism
- efficiency
- liability protection
p108-09
Comparing emails to letters ?
length
audience
format
represents
brief vs long
internal vs external
formal/informal vs formal
subunits vs entire org p. 109