Chapter 7

Question 1

What is the difference between long and short term memory?

Answer 1

STM: Specific details of sensory stimulus (memory of the event)

LTM: abstracted semantic information

Question 2

Are the STM and LTM different memory systems?

Answer 2

Yeahhhhh

Question 3

Explain what happens when a patient has amnesia (impacted LTM)

Answer 3

Like dory,

Only have memory for a little bit

Question 4

What happens to Patients with retrograde amnesia?

Answer 4

They forget all information before the accident

Question 5

What happens to Patients with anterograde amnesia?

Answer 5

Can’t remember any new information after incident

Question 6

What is maintenance rehearsal (helps info into LTM)

Answer 6

Repeating info over and over

Question 7

What is elaborative rehearsal ? (helps info into LTM)

Answer 7

Considering the meaning of information

Question 8

What is the serial position effect? (Primacy effect and recency effect)

Answer 8

Effect in memory studies using recall of long words lists in which words at the beginning and end of the lists are remembered better than those in the middle of the list.

Primacy effect: what you saw first

recency effect: what you saw last

Question 9

What is the levels of processing theory?

Answer 9

A theory of long term memory encoding that holds that depth of meaning during processing determines how likely an item is to be recalled.

Remembered more deeply = better remembered

Question 10

What is transfer-appropriate processing?

Answer 10

When people do better on free recall tests when they had deeply processed info and had encoded words based on rhyming

Question 11

What is encoding specificity?

Answer 11

A principle in a long-term memory retrieval in which a match in condition between and retrieval facilitates recall

Benefit of of memory when testing and learning condition match.
-underwater - underwater

Question 12

What is state dependent memory?

Answer 12

When states and moods are congruent we have a better memeory

-happy - happy

Question 13

What is the spacing effect (factors effecting memory)

Answer 13

a benefit in long term memory when info is repeated over spaced out intervals

Question 14

What is The testing effect? (factors effecting memory)

Answer 14

Better to retrieve info on your own then passively observe it

Question 15

Explain the three types of long term memory (Explicit / declarative, episodic and semantic)

Answer 15

Explicit/declarative: memory for all info that can be verbally reported (includes episodic and semantic)

Episodic: memory of events that directly happened to us

semantic: facts

Question 16

Are the three parts of long term memory distinct?

Answer 16

Yes, for example KC. No episodic memory but some semantic

Question 17

What is implicit memory?

Answer 17

Long term memory where the person doesn’t have explicit awareness of the info but it impacts behaviour

Question 18

What is procedural memory?

Answer 18

Type of implicit memory with knowledge on how to preform a task

Question 19

What is prejudice?

Answer 19

Another type of implicit memory

Question 20

What is the familiarity effect?

Answer 20

A phenomenon in which people will tend to rate something that they have encountered before more favourably than something completely unfamiliar

Question 21

What is the propaganda effect?

Answer 21

People will tend to rate statements that they have heard before as being more likely to be true than those they haven’t heard

Question 22

What happens when there is amygdala damage?

Answer 22

Won’t recognize fear and struggle to recognize it in others

Question 23

Is implicit memory easy to forget?

Answer 23

No, it’s less susceptible to forgetting

Ex. Patient H. M could learn some new procedural tasks even when he could not for new memories

Question 24

What is consolidation ?

Answer 24

Process of making memories durable and in some case’s permanent

Question 25

What is synaptic consolidation ?

Answer 25

Changes at the synapses between neuron’s that lead to long term storage of memories

Question 26

What is long term potentiation (LTP)

Answer 26

A form of synaptic consolidation in which a receiving neuron becomes more likely to fire in response to the stimulation of a sending neurons

Usually when both became accustomed to firing together

Question 27

What is systems consolidation?

Answer 27

Process making long term memories more durable based on connections between cortical areas, thought to be orchestrated by the hippocampus

Question 28

What is hippocampal replay?

Answer 28

Phenomenon in which sequences of activity that occurred during behavioural activity are repeated ‘replayed’ in sequence, after the event. It has been proposed as a mechanism in systems consolidation

Question 29

What is transfer learning (AI bonus bit)

Answer 29

Technique in neural training networks where weights of an ANN trained a one task are reused in diff network to learn diff task.