Chapter 7 Flashcards
What is the difference between long and short term memory?
STM: Specific details of sensory stimulus (memory of the event)
LTM: abstracted semantic information
Are the STM and LTM different memory systems?
Yeahhhhh
Explain what happens when a patient has amnesia (impacted LTM)
Like dory,
Only have memory for a little bit
What happens to Patients with retrograde amnesia?
They forget all information before the accident
What happens to Patients with anterograde amnesia?
Can’t remember any new information after incident
What is maintenance rehearsal (helps info into LTM)
Repeating info over and over
What is elaborative rehearsal ? (helps info into LTM)
Considering the meaning of information
What is the serial position effect? (Primacy effect and recency effect)
Effect in memory studies using recall of long words lists in which words at the beginning and end of the lists are remembered better than those in the middle of the list.
Primacy effect: what you saw first
recency effect: what you saw last
What is the levels of processing theory?
A theory of long term memory encoding that holds that depth of meaning during processing determines how likely an item is to be recalled.
Remembered more deeply = better remembered
What is transfer-appropriate processing?
When people do better on free recall tests when they had deeply processed info and had encoded words based on rhyming
What is encoding specificity?
A principle in a long-term memory retrieval in which a match in condition between and retrieval facilitates recall
Benefit of of memory when testing and learning condition match.
-underwater - underwater
What is state dependent memory?
When states and moods are congruent we have a better memeory
-happy - happy
What is the spacing effect (factors effecting memory)
a benefit in long term memory when info is repeated over spaced out intervals
What is The testing effect? (factors effecting memory)
Better to retrieve info on your own then passively observe it
Explain the three types of long term memory (Explicit / declarative, episodic and semantic)
Explicit/declarative: memory for all info that can be verbally reported (includes episodic and semantic)
Episodic: memory of events that directly happened to us
semantic: facts
Are the three parts of long term memory distinct?
Yes, for example KC. No episodic memory but some semantic
What is implicit memory?
Long term memory where the person doesn’t have explicit awareness of the info but it impacts behaviour
What is procedural memory?
Type of implicit memory with knowledge on how to preform a task
What is prejudice?
Another type of implicit memory
What is the familiarity effect?
A phenomenon in which people will tend to rate something that they have encountered before more favourably than something completely unfamiliar
What is the propaganda effect?
People will tend to rate statements that they have heard before as being more likely to be true than those they haven’t heard
What happens when there is amygdala damage?
Won’t recognize fear and struggle to recognize it in others
Is implicit memory easy to forget?
No, it’s less susceptible to forgetting
Ex. Patient H. M could learn some new procedural tasks even when he could not for new memories
What is consolidation ?
Process of making memories durable and in some case’s permanent
What is synaptic consolidation ?
Changes at the synapses between neuron’s that lead to long term storage of memories
What is long term potentiation (LTP)
A form of synaptic consolidation in which a receiving neuron becomes more likely to fire in response to the stimulation of a sending neurons
Usually when both became accustomed to firing together
What is systems consolidation?
Process making long term memories more durable based on connections between cortical areas, thought to be orchestrated by the hippocampus
What is hippocampal replay?
Phenomenon in which sequences of activity that occurred during behavioural activity are repeated ‘replayed’ in sequence, after the event. It has been proposed as a mechanism in systems consolidation
What is transfer learning (AI bonus bit)
Technique in neural training networks where weights of an ANN trained a one task are reused in diff network to learn diff task.
