Chapter 3 Flashcards
What is the nervous system?
Neurons, nervous, glial cells who help the whole body communicate
What are neurons, nerves and glial cells?
Neurons= receive and transmit info
Nerves= tissue between neurons that allow communication
Glial cells= support neurons and nervous system
What are the CNS and PNS?
CNS= brain and spinal cord
PNS= all neurons, nerves and glial cells not in CNS.
Cognition is apart of CNS
Do voluntary and involuntary actions have their own devoted networks in the PNS and CNS?
Yes
What is the autonomic nervous system?
Regulates unconscious bodily functions (heart rate, digestion, etc)
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
Part of autonomic that regulates certain functions of the body to prepare for immediate action (stopping digestion when fleeing a bear)
Most extreme= fight or flight
What is the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)?
Opposite of sympathetic
Regulates body when immediate action is not needed
What is the autonomic nervous system made of?
Regulated by brain structures
Includes= brain stem (connects brain to spinal cord)
And hypothalamus= (cluster of neurons in centre of brain)
Do all involuntary actions go to the brain?
No, for example reflex action (like touching heat) goes to spinal cord, so you have a quicker reaction time.
What are voluntary systems in the brain?
Biggest part of the brain= cerebrum which does voluntary behaviour
What is the cerebral cortex?
Outer bit, folded and layers, and made of grey matter
(White matter = axonal nerve tracks)
What does the hippocampus do?
Memories (extensions of temporal lobe)
How does sensory into enter the brain?
It crosses over from one side of the body to the other.
(Contralateral hemisphere of the brain -opposite hemisphere)
What is gyri in the brain?
Hills in brain
What is sulci in the brain?
Valleys in the brain
Why? Cuz we are packing the bigger surface area brain into head
What are the four lobes of the brain separated by gyri called fissures?
Occipital= vision
Temporal= meaning of sensory info, meaning of language, and visual memory
Frontal= executive control and planning
Parietal= attention, sensory processing and integration
What do the hemispheres do?
Left:
Language
In between: corpus callosum (bundle of nerves for communication)
Right:
Spatial processing
What is the definition of functional divisions of the cortex?
Brain broken up by functional locations
What is neuropsychology?
Study of brain function/ improvement cuz brain pathology (damage)
Ex. Rail road dude
How is hemispheric specialization shown in stroke victims ?
Ex. Stroke in right hemisphere makes it hard to coordinate
How is hemispheric specialization shown in split brain patients?
If shown
🙍♀️
💙. ❤️🔥
They’ll say blue heart but write down fire heart
What is cognitive neuroscience?
Viewing processing in awake and healthy individuals
What is an EEG machine?
Electrical activity of the activity of the active brain
What is event related potential?
Change in action potential due to a stimulus
What does fMRI do?
Uses change in ratio of oxygenated to de-oxygenated blood to assume activity is happening and being used up by neurons.
- better spatial resolution (seeing what cortex is active)
What is multi-variate/ multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA)?
Computer program that identifies the task based on brain activity
What is transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)?
Uses magnetic pulses to disrupt localized brain processing to see effects on a cognitive function
What is neural plasticity?
Ability of the brain to recognize the arrangement of its function
What are the two limitations of cognitive neuroscience?
- Don’t tell us how these functions are carried out
- Depends on the idea that the brain is distinct modules with different functions
