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Cognition > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the nervous system?

A

Neurons, nervous, glial cells who help the whole body communicate

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2
Q

What are neurons, nerves and glial cells?

A

Neurons= receive and transmit info

Nerves= tissue between neurons that allow communication

Glial cells= support neurons and nervous system

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3
Q

What are the CNS and PNS?

A

CNS= brain and spinal cord

PNS= all neurons, nerves and glial cells not in CNS.

Cognition is apart of CNS

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4
Q

Do voluntary and involuntary actions have their own devoted networks in the PNS and CNS?

A

Yes

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5
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system?

A

Regulates unconscious bodily functions (heart rate, digestion, etc)

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6
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Part of autonomic that regulates certain functions of the body to prepare for immediate action (stopping digestion when fleeing a bear)
Most extreme= fight or flight

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7
Q

What is the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)?

A

Opposite of sympathetic
Regulates body when immediate action is not needed

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8
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system made of?

A

Regulated by brain structures

Includes= brain stem (connects brain to spinal cord)

And hypothalamus= (cluster of neurons in centre of brain)

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9
Q

Do all involuntary actions go to the brain?

A

No, for example reflex action (like touching heat) goes to spinal cord, so you have a quicker reaction time.

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10
Q

What are voluntary systems in the brain?

A

Biggest part of the brain= cerebrum which does voluntary behaviour

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11
Q

What is the cerebral cortex?

A

Outer bit, folded and layers, and made of grey matter
(White matter = axonal nerve tracks)

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12
Q

What does the hippocampus do?

A

Memories (extensions of temporal lobe)

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13
Q

How does sensory into enter the brain?

A

It crosses over from one side of the body to the other.

(Contralateral hemisphere of the brain -opposite hemisphere)

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14
Q

What is gyri in the brain?

A

Hills in brain

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15
Q

What is sulci in the brain?

A

Valleys in the brain
Why? Cuz we are packing the bigger surface area brain into head

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16
Q

What are the four lobes of the brain separated by gyri called fissures?

A

Occipital= vision

Temporal= meaning of sensory info, meaning of language, and visual memory

Frontal= executive control and planning

Parietal= attention, sensory processing and integration

17
Q

What do the hemispheres do?

A

Left:
Language

In between: corpus callosum (bundle of nerves for communication)

Right:
Spatial processing

18
Q

What is the definition of functional divisions of the cortex?

A

Brain broken up by functional locations

19
Q

What is neuropsychology?

A

Study of brain function/ improvement cuz brain pathology (damage)
Ex. Rail road dude

20
Q

How is hemispheric specialization shown in stroke victims ?

A

Ex. Stroke in right hemisphere makes it hard to coordinate

21
Q

How is hemispheric specialization shown in split brain patients?

A

If shown
🙍‍♀️

💙. ❤️‍🔥

They’ll say blue heart but write down fire heart

22
Q

What is cognitive neuroscience?

A

Viewing processing in awake and healthy individuals

23
Q

What is an EEG machine?

A

Electrical activity of the activity of the active brain

24
Q

What is event related potential?

A

Change in action potential due to a stimulus

25
Q

What does fMRI do?

A

Uses change in ratio of oxygenated to de-oxygenated blood to assume activity is happening and being used up by neurons.

  • better spatial resolution (seeing what cortex is active)
26
Q

What is multi-variate/ multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA)?

A

Computer program that identifies the task based on brain activity

27
Q

What is transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)?

A

Uses magnetic pulses to disrupt localized brain processing to see effects on a cognitive function

28
Q

What is neural plasticity?

A

Ability of the brain to recognize the arrangement of its function

29
Q

What are the two limitations of cognitive neuroscience?

A
  1. Don’t tell us how these functions are carried out
  2. Depends on the idea that the brain is distinct modules with different functions

Cognition (11 decks)

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