Chapter 7 Flashcards
Appendicular skeleton
the limbs, including the bones of the shoulders, upper extremities, hip, and lower extremities
Axial skeleton
central bony structure of the body
consists of the bones of the head, associated bones of the head and neck, the chest and the spine
Bones
framework of which the body is built
Musculoskeletal system
the combined systems of the muscles and bones
Skeletal system
body system that consists of all of the bones, cartilage, ligaments, and joints in the body
Skeleton
bony framework of the body that consists of 206 bones
Coronal suture
immovable joint on top of the cranium, extending from one side to the other, where the frontal bone and the parietal bones meet
Cranium
dome-like bone at the top of the skull that contains the cranial cavity with the brain and other structures
Ethmoid bone
bone that forms the posterior nasal septum and the medial walls of the eye sockets
Fontanel
“soft spot” on a baby’s head where the cranial sutures are still open and there is only fibrous connective tissue
Foramen magnum
large hole in the occipital bone
spinal cord goes through it to join the brain
Frontal bone
bone that forms the forehead and top of the cranium and ends at the coronal suture
Occipital bone
bone that forms the posterior base of the cranium
Parietal bones
bones that form the superior and posterior part of the cranium
Sagittal suture
immovable joint from the top center to the back of the cranium between the two parietal bones
Sphenoid bone
large, irregularly shaped bone that forms the central base and sides of the cranium and the posterior walls of the eye sockets
Skull
bony structure of the head that includes the cranium and facial bones
Suture
type of joint where one cranial bone meets another
Temporal bones
bones that form the inferior sides of the cranium
Inferior nasal conchae
facial bones that project inwardly from the side of the nasal cavity
Lacrimal bones
facial bones within the eye socket
Mandible
facial bone that is the upper jaw bone
Maxilla
facial bone that is the upper jaw bone
consists of two maxillary bones
Nasal bone
facial bones that form the bridge of the nose and the roof of the nasal cavity
Palatine bones
facial bones that are small and flat and join in the midline to form the hard palate in the oral cavity
Vomer
facial bone that is the most inferior part of the nasal septum and continues posteriorly to join the sphenoid bone
Zygoma
facial bone that is a cheekbone and goes to the edge of the eye socket
aka zygomatic bone
Hyoid bone
flat u-shaped bone in the anterior neck
Ossicles
three tiny bones in the middle ear cavity that function in the process of hearing
malleus, incus, stapes
Costal cartilage
firm, but flexible connective tissue that joins the ribs to the sternum at the costochondral joint
Ribs
twelve pairs of bones that form the sides of the rib cage
Intercostal space
area between two ribs
Sternum
verticle bone in the center of the anterior rib cage
Manubrium
triangular shaped, superior part of the sternum
Xiphoid process
inferior tip of the sternum
Thoracic cavity
area within the rib cage that contains the heart, lungs, and other structures
Thorax
area between the neck and the diaphragm
Cervical vertebrea
Vertebrae C1-C7 of the vertebral column of the neck
C1 is Atlas, C2 is Axis
Coccyx
group of several small, fused vertebra inferior to the sacrum
aka tailbone
Foramen
hole/opening in a bone
Intervertebral disk
disk between two vertebrae
Lumbar vertebrae
vertebrae L1-L5 of the vertebral column in the lower back
Sacrum
group of five fused vertebrae inferior to the lumbar vertebrae
Spine
body column of vertebrae that supports the weight of the head, neck, and trunk of the body
Thoracic vertebrae
vertebrae T1-T12 of the vertebral column in the area of the chest
Vertebrae
bony structure in the spine
Clavicle
thin, rod like bone on each side of the anterior neck
Glenoid fossa
shallow depression in the scapular where the head of the humerus joins the scapula to make the shoulder joint
Scapula
triangular shaped bone in the upper back on each side of the spine
Carpal bones
the eight small of the wrist joint
Humerus
long bone of the upper arm
Metacarpal bones
the five bones of the hand, one corresponding to each finger
Phalanx
each of the individual bones of a finger
Radius
forearm bone located along the thumb side of the lower arm
proximal end connects to the humerus
distal end connects to the carpal bones
Ulna
forearm bone located along the litter finder side of the lower arm
proximal end connects to the humerus
Acetabulum
cup shaped, deep socket of the hip joint that is made up of the bones of the ilium, ischium, and pubis
Ilium
most superior hip bone
Ischium
most inferior hip bone
Pelvis
the hip bones as well as the sacrum and coccyx of the vertebral column
Pubis
small bridge like bone that is the most anterior hip bone
Calcaneus
largest of the ankle bones
Femur
long, weight bearing bone of the upper leg
Fibula
thin bone on the lateral side of the lower leg
proximal end connects to the tibia
Hallux
big toe
Malleolus
bony projection of the distal tibia of the distal fibula
Metatarsal bones
the five bones of the midfoot, one corresponding to each toe
connect ankle bones to the phalanges
Patella
thick, round bone anterior to the knee joint
Phalanx
each of the individual bones of a toe
Tarsal bones
the seven bones on of the ankle joint
Tibia
long, weight bearing bone on the medial side of the lower leg
proximal end connects to the femur
Cancellous bone
spongy bone in the epiphyses of long bones
spaces are filled with red bone marrow that produces stem cells that mature to become all types of blood cells
Cortical bone
dense, compact, weight bearing bone inside the shaft of a long bone
Diaphysis
the straight shaft of a long bone, such as the humerus or femur
Epiphysis
widened ends of a long bone that contain cancellous bone filled with red bone marrow
Epiphyseal plate
where bone growth takes place
Medullary cavity
cavity within the shaft of a long bone
contains yellow bone marrow
Osseous tissue
bone, a type of connective tissue
Periosteum
thick, fibrous membrane that covers the surface of a bone