Chapter 3 Flashcards
Gastrointestinal (GI) tract
Elongated body system that begins at the mouth, continues through the thoracic cavity, fills much of the abdominopelvic cavity, and end on the surface of the lower body
Aka gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal
Digestive system or digestive tract
Larynx
Structure below the pharynx
Lid like structure so food enters the esophagus and not the trachea
Mucosa
Mucous membrane that produces thin mucus
Lines the oral cavity and the entire GI system
Oral cavity
Mouth. Contains teeth, gums, tongue, hard palate and soft palate
Palate
Hard palate (bone) and soft palate (posterior soft tissue) form the roof of the oral cavity
Pharynx
Throat. Passageway for food and air
Salivary glands
Three pairs of gland (parotid, sublingual, and submandibular) on either sides of the head that release saliva into the mouth
Tongue
Large muscle that fills the oral cavity and assista with eating and talking
Cardia
First part of the stomach where the stomach joins the esophagus l
Chyme
Semisolid mixture of food, saliva, and digestive enzymes in the stomach and small intestine
Esophagus
Flexible tube approximately 10in in length that connects the pharynx to the stomach
Fundus
Rounded top part of the stomach
Lower esophageal sphincter
Muscular ring at the distal end of the esophagus
Keeps chyme in the stomach from flowing back into the esophagus
Pyloric sphincter
muscular ring at the end of the stomach
closes to keep chyme in the stomach or opens to let chyme flow into the duodenum
Pylorus
narrowed, last part of the stomach where it joins the duodenum
contains the pyloric sphincter
Rugae
thick, deep folds in the gastric mucosa that expand to accommodate a large amount of swallowed food
“rugae make stomach go big”
Stomach
large, elongated sac in the upper abdominal cavity
regions: cardia. fundus, body, and pylorus
Anus
external opening of the rectum
Appendix
long, thin pouch on the exterior wall of the cecum
Cecum
short sac that is the first part of the large intestine
Colon
second and longest part of the large intestine
includes: ascending colon, transverse colon, descending color, sigmoid colon
Duodenum
10in, c-shaped, first part of the small intestine
Ileum
third and final part of the small intestine
Jejunum
second part of the small intestine