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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Aorta

A

largest artery in the body that receives oxygenated blood from the left ventricle

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2
Q

Coronary arteries

A

first arteries to branch off from the ascending aorta

encircles the heart and brings oxygenated blood to all parts of the myocardium

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3
Q

Carotid arteries

A

brings oxygenated blood to the neck, face, head, and brain

person loses consciousness if carotid artery is blocked

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4
Q

Pulmonary arteries

A

brings deoxygenated blood the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs

ONLY artery that carries deoxygenated blood

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5
Q

Subclavian arteries

A

bring oxygenated blood the shoulders

goes underneath the clavicle (subCLAVian) and becomes the axillary artery

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6
Q

Axillary arteries

A

continuation of the subclavian arteries

bring oxygenated blood to the areas under the arms

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7
Q

Brachial arteries

A

continuation of the axillary arteries

bring oxygenated blood to the upper arms

each artery branches off into the radial and ulnar artery

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8
Q

Radial arteries

A

bring oxygenated blood to the thumb side of the lower arms

*radius bone

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9
Q

Ulnar arteries

A

bring oxygenated blood to the little finger side of the lower arms

*ulnar bone

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10
Q

Hepatic arteries

A

bring oxygenated blood to the liver in the abdominal cavity

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11
Q

Gastric arteries

A

bring oxygenated blood to the stomach in the abdominal cavity

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12
Q

Renal arteries

A

bring oxygenated blood to the kidneys behind the abdominal cavity

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13
Q

Iliac arteries

A

bring oxygenated blood to the hip and groin areas

becomes femoral artery

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14
Q

Femoral arteries

A

continuation of iliac arteries

bring oxygenated blood to the upper leg

*femur bone

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15
Q

Popliteal arteries

A

continuation of the femoral arteries

bring oxygenated blood to the knee area

divides into the tibial artery and peroneal artery

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16
Q

Tibial arteries

A

bring oxygenated blood to the front and back of lower leg

*tibia bone

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17
Q

Peroneal arteries

A

bring oxygenated blood to the little toe side of the lower leg

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18
Q

Superior vena cava

A

bring deoxygenated blood from the head, neck, chest, and arms to the right atrium

named after location: superior to heart
*blue

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19
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

bring deoxygenated blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and legs to the right atrium

named after location: inferior to the heart
*blue

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20
Q

Jugular veins

A

brings deoxygenated blood from the head and neck to the superior vena cava

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21
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

only vein that carries oxygenated blood

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22
Q

Portal veins

A

brings deoxygenated blood form the intestines and liver to the inferior vena cava

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23
Q

Fibular veins

A

brings deoxygenated blood from the little toe side of the lower leg to the femoral veins

*fibula bone

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24
Q

Saphenous veins

A

brings deoxygenated blood from the lower legs to the femoral veins

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25
Cardiovascular system
continuous, circular pathway whose structures include the heart and blood vessels
26
Circulatory system
another name for the cardiovascular system that indicates its function of circulation of blood
27
Apex
inferior tip of the heart
28
Heart
organ that pumps blood throughout the body
29
Myocardium
muscular layer of the heart
30
Pericardium
double-layered membrane around the heart
31
Aortic valve
heart valve between the left ventricle and the aorta
32
Atrium
each of the two upper chambers of the heart
33
Chordae tendineae
rope-like stands attached to the valve leaflets of the tricuspid and mitral valves and anchored to the ventricular walls
34
Endocardium
layer of cells that lines the heart chambers and the heart valves
35
Mitral valve
heart valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle aka bicuspid valve
36
Pulmonary valve
heart valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary arteries
37
Septum
central wall that divides the heart into right and left sides
38
Tricuspid valve
heart valve between the right atrium and right ventricle
39
Valve
structure that opens and closes to control the flow of blood through the heart or the veins
40
Ventricle
each of the two large, lower chambers of the heart
41
Cardiothoracic
pertaining to the heart and thoracic cavity
42
Great vessels
large blood vessels within the mediastinum
43
Mediastinum
central area in the thoracic cavity that contains the heart and parts of the great vessels, as well as the thymus, trachea, and esophagus
44
Thoracic cavity
body cavity that contains the lungs and the mediastinum
45
Arteriole
smaller branch of an artery
46
Artery
blood vessel that brings bright red, oxygenated blood from the heart to the body or to the lungs pulmonary artery brings deoxygenated blood
47
Bifurcation
area where the abdominal aorta ends as it divides into two branches: the right and left iliac arteries
48
Blood vessels
large and small vascular channels through which the blood flows includes arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins
49
Capillary
smallest blood vessel in the body
50
Endothelium
smooth layer that lines the inner wall of a blood vessel aka intima
51
Lumen
central opening inside a blood vessel through which blood flows
52
Pulse
bulging of the wall of an artery located near the surface as blood is pumped by the heart
53
Vasculature
blood vessels associated with a specific organ
54
Vasoconstriction
contraction of smooth muscle in the wall of an artery that causes the lumen to decrease in size and the pressure in the artery to increase
55
Vasodilation
relaxation of smooth muscle in the wall of an artery that causes the lumen to increase in size and the pressure in the artery to decrease
56
Vein
blood vessel that brings dark red-purple, deoxygenated blood from the body back to heart
57
Venule
smaller branch of a vein
58
Cardiopulmonary
pertaining to the heard and lungs
59
Ductus arteriosus
temporary blood vessel in the fetal heart that connects the left pulmonary arteries to the descending aorta
60
Foramen ovale
temporary, small, oval opening in the septum between the atria in the fetal heart
61
Pulmonary circulation
arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins going to, within, and coming in the lungs
62
Systemic circulation
arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins everywhere in the body except in the lungs
63
Atrioventricular (AV) node
small area of tissue in the lower right atrium
64
Bundle branches
part of the conduction system of the heart that branches out from the bundle of his into right and left segments in the ventricular system
65
Bundle of His
part of the conduction system of the heart after the AV node splits into right and left bundle branches
66
Conduction system
system that carries the electrical impulses that make the heart beat in a regular and coordinated rhythm
67
Depolarization
movement of positive sodium ions and positive calcium ions into the myocardial cell followed by the release of positive calcium ions stored in the cell
68
Diastole
resting period between contractions of the heart as the heart again files with blood
69
Ectopic site
area within the heart that can produce an electrical impulse but is not part of the conduction system
70
Epinephrine
hormone from the adrenal glands that causes the heart to beat much faster during times of exercise or emergencies
71
Normal sinus rhythm
rhythm of contractions that occurs when the SA node is in control of the heart rate
72
Purkinje fibers
network of fibers in the walls of the ventricles that are a continuation of the right and left bundle branches
73
Refractory preiod
short period of time following repolarization when the myocardial cell cannot respond to an electrical impulse from the SA node
74
Repolarization
movement of positive potassium ions, sodium ions, and some calcium ions out of the cell; the rest of the calcium ions go back into storage within the cell
75
Sinoatrial (SA) node
small area of tissue in the posterior wall of the upper right atrium
76
Systole
contraction of the atria and the ventricles
77
Acute coronary syndrome
condition if the flow of oxygenated blood through a coronary artery to the myocardium is blocked by a blood clot or atherosclerosis
78
Angina pectoris
chest pain
79
Angina
pain that is a crushing, squeezing, heaviness, or pressure like sensation in the chest, with pain that sometimes extends to the jaw, teeth, neck, back, or down the left arm
80
Cardiomegaly
enlargement of the heart
81
Cardiomyopathy
condition of the heart muscle that includes cardiomegaly and heart failure
82
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
inability of the heart to pump sufficient amounts of blood
83
Endocarditis
bacterial infection and inflammation of the endocardium lining of a heart valve
84
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)
structural abnormality in which the leaflets of the mitral valve do not close tightly
85
Murmur
abnormal heart sound created by turbulence as blood leaks through a defective heart valve
86
Myocardial infarction (MI)
death of myocardial cells due to a severe lack of oxygenated blood to the myocardium aka heart attack
87
Pericarditis
infection or inflammation of the pericardial sac that causes a buildup of pericardial fluid
88
Rheumatic heart disease
autoimmune response to a bacterial streptococcal infection, such as strep throat
89
Atrial septal defect
opening in the interatrial septum that allows abnormal circulation of blood
90
Coarctation of the aorta
aorta is abnormally narrow
91
Ventricular septal defect
opening in the interventricular septum that allows abnormal circulation of blood
92
Patent ductus arteriosus
ductus arteriosus fails to close
93
Patent foramen ovale
foramen ovale fails to close
94
Aneurysm
area of dilation and weakness in the wall of an artery
95
Dissecting aneurysm
aneurysm that enlarges by tunneling between the layers of the artery wall
96
Artiosclerosis
degenerative changes over time produce hardened artery walls
97
Atherosclerosis
fatty deposits in the walls of the arteries that can restrict the flow of blood
98
Bruit
harsh, rushing sound made by turbulent blood as it passes through an artery that is narrowed by arteriosclerosis or artherosclerosis
99
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
arteriosclerosis of the coronary arteries
100
Hyperlipidemia
elevated levels of lipids in the blood
101
Hypercholesterolemia
elevated level of cholesterol in the blood
102
Hypertriglyceridemia
elevated level of triglycerides in the blood
103
Hypertension (HTN)
elevated blood pressure
104
Hypotension
blood pressure lower than 90/60
105
Peripheral artery disease
atherosclerosis specifically in arteries in the legs
106
Peripheral vascular disease
any disease of the blood vessels in the extremeties
107
Phlebitis
infection of inflammation of a vein
108
Raynaud disease
causes sudden, severe, vasoconstriction of the arteries in the fingers and toes
109
Varicose veins
damaged valves in a vein allow blood to flow backward and collect in the preceding section of vein
110
Arrhythmia
any type of irregular rate or rhythm of the heart
111
Bradycardia
arrhythmia in which the heart beats too slowly
112
Fibrillation
arrhythmia in which there is a very fast, uncoordinated quivering of the myocardium
113
Flutter
arrhythmia in which there is a very fast but regular rhythm of the atria or ventricles
114
Heart block
arrhythmia in which electrical impulses from the SA node do not travel normally to the Purkinje fibers
115
Premature contraction
arrhythmia in which there are one or more extra contractions in between systole and diastole
116
Sick sinus syndrome
arrhythmia in which bradycardia alternates with tachycardia
117
Tachycardia
arrhythmia in which there is a fast but regular rhythm
118
Asystole
complete absence of a heartbeat aka cardiac arrest
119
Paplitation
uncomfortable sensation felt in the chest during a premature contraction of the heart
120
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Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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