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Medical Terminology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Epidermis

A

thin, outermost layer of the skin
categorized as epithelium

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2
Q

Squamous layer

A

contains som living cells but its surface cells are dead cells that are filled with keratin

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3
Q

Basal layer

A

deepest layer, composed of living cells that are constantly dividing and moving to the surface

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4
Q

Melanocyte

A

pigment cells that produce melanin

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5
Q

Dermis

A

layer of skin beneath the epidermis
contains: collagen and elastic fibers arteries, veins, and nerves, as well as sebaceous glands

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6
Q

Collagen

A

white protein fibers in the dermis

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7
Q

Elastin

A

yellow elastin fibers in the dermis

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8
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

aka oil glands
found in the dermis, type of exocrine gland because it secretes a substance (sebum) through a duct

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9
Q

Sebum

A

substance secreted by sebaceous glands

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10
Q

Sudoriferous glands

A

aka sweat glands
found in the dermis
type of exocrine gland

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11
Q

Diaphoresis

A

process of producing sweat

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12
Q

Perspiration

A

sweat

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13
Q

Follicle

A

a small gland in which the hair forms

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14
Q

Piloerection

A

when the skin is cold, or when someone experiences a strong emotion, the hairs stand up
aka goosebumps

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15
Q

Nail plate

A

hard, translucent outer layer
composed of dead cells that contain keratin

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16
Q

Nail root

A

located beneath the skin on the upper surface of the finger and toe

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17
Q

Lunula

A

visible white, half moon shape on the nail

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18
Q

Cuticle

A

layer of dead cells that lies around the proximal base of the nails

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19
Q

Nail bed

A

beneath the top nail plate
contains nerves and blood vessels

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20
Q

Subcutaneous tissue

A

directly beneath the dermis and is composed of connective tissue and adipose tissue

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21
Q

Adipose tissue

A

fatty tissue
contains lipocytes

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22
Q

Lipocyte

A

cells that store fat as an energy reserve for the body

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23
Q

Integumentary system

A

consists of: skin, nails, and the subcutaneous system
functions: protection, repair, sensation, vitamin D synthesis, thermoregulation, and homeostasis

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24
Q

Cutaneous

A

pertaining to the skin

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25
Q

Exocrine gland

A

type of gland that secretes substance through a duct

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26
Q

Dermatome

A

area of the skin that sends sensory information through a nerve to the spinal cord

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27
Q

Healthcare-associated infection (HAI)

A

infection that occurs in hospitals and other healthcare facilities when caregivers do not wash their hands
previously: nosocomial infection

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28
Q

Homeostasis

A

balance, equilibrium, and stability of all body systems and functions

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29
Q

Normal skin flora

A

bacteria that live on the skin and inhibit the growth of disease-causing microorganisms

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30
Q

abv CO

A

carbon monoxide

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31
Q

abv CO2

A

carbon dioxide

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32
Q

HAI

A

healthcare-associated infection

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33
Q

Dermatitis

A

infection or inflammation of the skin

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34
Q

Edema

A

excessive amounts of fluid move from the blood into the dermis or subcutaneous tissue and cause swelling (sunburn on my hand)

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35
Q

Hemorrhage

A

injury to the blood vessels releases into the skin; this process is known as extravastion

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36
Q

Petechiae

A

pinpoint areas of blood caused by small ruptured blood vessels

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37
Q

Contusion

A

hemorrhage of a larger amount of blood into the skin
commonly known as a bruise

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38
Q

Hematoma

A

elevated, localized collection of blood under the skin

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39
Q

Lesion

A

any visible damage or variation from normal skin, whether from disease or injury

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40
Q

Neoplasm

A

any new growth that occurs on the skin
can be benign or malignant

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41
Q

Pruritus

A

caused by the release of histamine as part of an allergic reaction of the skin

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42
Q

Rash

A

any type of skin lesion that is pink to red, flat or raised, itchy or not itchy

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43
Q

Xeroderma

A

excessive dryness of the skin

caused by aging, cold weather with low humidity, vitamin A deficiency, or dehydration

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44
Q

Albinism

A

genetic mutation that causes lack of pigment in the skin, hair, and iris of the eye

there is a normal number of melanocytes but they produce little to no melanin

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45
Q

Cyanosis

A

bluish-purple discoloration of the skin and nails due to a decreased level of oxygen in the blood

caused by cardiac or respiratory disease

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46
Q

Erythema

A

reddish discoloration of the skin

can be confined to local area of infection or inflammation, or it can affect large areas of the skin, as in sunburn

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47
Q

Jaundice

A

yellowish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes, as well as the whites of they eyes

associated with liver disease

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47
Q

Necrosis

A

gray to black discoloration of the skin in areas where the tissue has died

can develop in a burn, pressure injury, wound, or an tissue with a poor blood supply

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47
Q

Abrasion

A

a sliding or scrape injury that mechanically removes the epidermis

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47
Q

Vitiligo

A

autoimmune disorder in which melanocytes are slowly destroyed

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48
Q

Cicatrix

A

fibrous tissue composed of collagen; it forms as an injury heals

aka scar

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48
Q

Excoriation

A

superficial injury with a sharp object that creates a linear scratch on the skin

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48
Q

Laceration

A

linear penetrating wound

fan have clean cut or jagged edges

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49
Q

Keloid

A

a very firm, abnormally large scar

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49
Q

Full-thickness burn

A

involves the epidermis, dermis, and sometimes the subcutaneous tissue and muscle layer beneath it. if nerves in the dermis are destroyed, there is local anesthesia with loss of sensation of pain

aka third degree burn

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49
Q

Superficial burn

A

involves only the epidermis

aka first degree burn

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49
Q

Pressure injury

A

epidermis and dermis break down, resulting in a shallow or deep ulcer

occurs due to constant pressure on the skin

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49
Q

Partial-thickness burn

A

involves the epidermis and the upper part of the dermis

aka second degree burn

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49
Q

Blister

A

fluid-filled sac with a thin, transparent covering of epidermal cells

occurs when a rubbing injury separates the epidermis from the dermis, releasing fluid and creating a fluid-filled sac

49
Q

Abscess

A

localized, pus-containing pocket under the skin from bacterial infection

usually caused by staphylococcus aureus

49
Q

Burns

A

heat, electrical current, chemicals, and radiation or x-rays can create a burn of the epidermis or dermis

49
Q

Cellulitis

A

infection and inflammation that spreads through the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and muscle

50
Q

Callus

A

repetitive rubbing injury that causes the epidermis to gradually thicken into a wide, elevated pad

50
Q

Corn

A

callus with a hard central area with a pointed tip that causes pain

51
Q

Herpes

A

infection caused by the herpes virus

52
Q

Tinea

A

skin infection caused by a fungus that feeds on epidermal cells

severe itching and burning red, scaly lesions. thought to be from a worm so it is called ringworm

53
Q

Verruca

A

irregular, rough skin lesion caused by the human papillomavirus

aka wart

54
Q

Pediculosis

A

infestation of parasitic lice and their eggs (nits) in the scalp, hair, eyelashes, or genital hair

55
Q

Scabies

A

infestation of parasitic mites that tunnel under the skin and produce vesicles that are itchy

56
Q

Contact dermatitis

A

local reaction from contact with a substance that is an allergen or irritant

57
Q

Urticaria

A

local allergic reaction due to food, plants, animals, insect bites, or drugs

aka hives

58
Q

Actinic keratosis

A

benign neoplasm

raised, irregular, rough area of skin is dry and feels like sandpaper

59
Q

Hemangioma

A

benign mass of superficial, dilated blood vessels that is present at birth

60
Q

Lipoma

A

benign growth of adipose tissue in the subcutaneous layer

61
Q

Nevus

A

benign skin lesion that is present at birth and has a variety of colors and shapes

aka mole, birthmark

62
Q

Papilloma

A

soft, flesh colored growth that protrudes outwardly from the skip as a flap or a polyp on a stalk

aka skin tag

63
Q

Syndactyly

A

congenital abnormality in which the skin and soft tissues are joined between the fingers or toes

64
Q

Polydactyly

A

congenital abnormality in which there are extra fingers or toes

65
Q

Cancer of the skin

A

a cancerous lesion or malignancy in areas of the skin that are chronically exposed to ultraviolet light radiation from the sun

66
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

skin cancer that begins in the basal layer of the epidermis

67
Q

Kaposi sarcoma

A

cancer of the skin and subcutaneous tissur

68
Q

Malignant melanoma

A

skin cancer of the melanocytes in the epidermis

69
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

skin cancer that begins in the superficial (squamous cell) layer of the epidermis

70
Q

Psoriasis

A

autoimmune disorder that produces an excessive number of abnormal epidermal cells

skin is itchy, red, and covered with silvery scales and plaques on the scalp, elbows, hands, and knees

71
Q

Scleroderma

A

autoimmune disorder that causes the skin and internal organs to harden over time due to abnormal deposits of collagen

72
Q

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

A

autoimmune disorder in which collagen in the skin and connective tissue deteriorates

73
Q

Acne vulgaris

A

chronic skin condition of the face, shoulders, and back during adolescence

74
Q

Rosacea

A

chronic skin condition of the face and neck in middle-aged patients

blotchy erythema and dilated superficial blood vessels; these are made worse by heat, cold, stress, emotions, certain foods, alcoholic beverages, or sunlight

75
Q

Seborrhea

A

overproduction of sebum that occurs at a time other than adolescence

oily areas alternate with dry, scaly skin and dandruff

76
Q

Anhidrosis

A

congenital absence of the sudoriferous glands and inability to sweat and tolerate heart

77
Q

Diaphoresis

A

normal process of sweating

78
Q

Alopecia

A

loss of hair from the scalp

79
Q

Hirsutism

A

excessive, dark hair on the forearms and upper lip of a woman

caused by an increase of a male hormone, which is produced by a tumor in the woman’s adrenal gland cortex

80
Q

Clubbing and cyanosis

A

abnormal downward curved and bluish fingernails and stunted growth of the fingers associated with a chronic lack of oxygen in patients with cystic fibrosis

81
Q

Onychomycosis

A

fungal infection of the fingernails or toenails

82
Q

Allergy skin testing

A

skin test in which allergens in a liquid form are given by intradermal injections into the skin

83
Q

Culture and sensitivity (C&S)

A

lab test in which a specimen o the exudate (oozing fluid or pus) from an ulcer, wound, burn, laceration, or skin infection is tested to identify the bacterium present and its sensitivity to specific antibiotic drugs

84
Q

RAST

A

blood test that measures the amount of immunoglobin E (IgE) that is produced when the patients blood is mixed with a specific allergen

85
Q

Skin scraping

A

skin test in which a skin scraping is done with the edge of a scalpel to obtain cells from a skin lesion

86
Q

Tzanck test

A

skin test in which a skin scraping is done to obtain fluid from a vesicle

87
Q

Wood lamp or light

A

skin test that uses ultraviolet light to highlight areas of abnormal skin

88
Q

Botox injections

A

procedure in which the drug botox is injected into the muscle to release deep winkle lines on the face

89
Q

Collagen injection

A

procedure in which a liquid that contains collagen is injected into wrinkles or acne scars

90
Q

Cryolipolysis

A

procedure that is noninvasive and uses a device that is placed on the skin to freeze fat cells. after a few weeks the body naturally eliminates these cells, causing a reduction in unwanted fat cells

91
Q

Cryosurgery

A

procedure in which liquid nitrogen is sprayed or painted onto a wart, mole, or other benign lesion or onto a small malignant lesion

92
Q

Curettage

A

procedure that uses a curet to scrape off a superficial skin lesion

93
Q

Debridement

A

procedure in which necrotic tissue is removed from a burn, wound, or ulcer

94
Q

Electrosurgery

A

procedure that uses an electrical current to remove a nevus, wart, skin tag, or small malignant lesion

95
Q

Incision and drainage (I&D)

A

procedure to remove fluid or pus from a cyst or abscess by using a scalpel to create an incision

96
Q

Laser surgery

A

procedure that uses pulses of laser light to remove birthmarks, tattoos, enlarged superficial blood vessels, wrinkles,, scars, or unwanted hair

97
Q

Skin examination

A

procedure to examine the patients skin or just one skin lesion, rash, or tumor

98
Q

Skin resurfacing

A

procedure that removes the epidermis

used to treat acne scars and skin tone irregularities, remove tattoos, and promote the regrowth of smoother skin

99
Q

Skin tumor assessment

A

assessing the patients level of hydration by testing the skin turgor (pinching the back of your hand)

100
Q

Suturing

A

procedure that uses sutures to bring the edges of the skin together and close a wound after an injury

101
Q

Ultherapy

A

procedure that uses ultrasound waves directed to the dermis and subcutaneous tissues

102
Q

Anesthetic drug

A

provides temporary numbness of the skin while injuries and skin diseases are treated or skin lesions are removed

103
Q

Antibiotic drug

A

treats bacterial infections of the skin or acne vulgaris

104
Q

Antifungal drug

A

treats ringworm (tinea) when applied topically

105
Q

Antipruitic drug

A

decreases itching

106
Q

Antiviral drug

A

treats herpes simplex virus infections

107
Q

Coal tar drug

A

treats psoriasis

causes epidermal cells to multiply more slowly resulting in less itching

108
Q

Corticosteroid drug

A

treats skin inflammation associated with many different skin diseases

109
Q

Drug for alopecia

A

improved blood flow to the skin to increase hair growth

110
Q

Drug for infestations

A

treats scabies (mites) and pediculosis (lice)

111
Q

Photodynamic therapy (PDT)

A

treats cancer of the skin with laser light and a photosensitizing drug

112
Q

Psoralen drug

A

treats psoriasis

sensitizes the skin to ultraviolet light therapy, damages cellular DNA, and decreases the rate of cell division

113
Q

Vitamin A-type drug

A

treats acne vulgaris or severe cystic acne

114
Q

Biopsy (Bx)

A

procedure done to remove all or part of a skin lesion or tumor

115
Q

Dermatoplasty

A

procedure of any type that involves plastic surgery to the skin

116
Q

Liposuction

A

procedure to remove excessive adipose tissue deposits

117
Q

Mohs surgery

A

procedure to remove skin cancer, particularly tumors with irregular shapes and depths

118
Q

Rhytidectomy

A

procedure to remove wrinkles and tighten loose, aging skin on the face and neck

119
Q

Skin grafting

A

procedure that uses human or artificial skin to provide a temporary covering or permanent layer of skin over a burn or wound

120
Q

abv Bx

A

biopsy

121
Q

abv C&S

A

culture and sensitivity

122
Q

abv Derm

A

dermatology

123
Q

abv HAI

A

healthcare-associated infection

124
Q

abv HSV

A

herpes simplex virus

125
Q

abv I&D

A

incision and drainage

126
Q

abv IgE

A

immunoglobulin E

127
Q

abv PDT

A

photodynamic therapy

128
Q

abv PUVA

A

psoralen ultravoilet A

129
Q

abv SLE

A

systemic lupus erythematosus

130
Q

abv SQ

A

subcutaneous

131
Q

abv subcu

A

subcutaneous

132
Q

abv subQ

A

subcutaneous

133
Q

abv UVB

A

ultraviolet light B

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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