Chapter 7

Question 1

A survey

Answer 1

Uses questions and interviews to gather information about people

Question 2

Population

Answer 2

Refers to all the cases or observations of interest to us

Question 3

Sample

Answer 3

A subset of cases or observations from the population

Question 4

Sampling frame

Answer 4

A list of names, phone number, address is, or other units from which a sample will be selected

Question 5

Representative sample

Answer 5

Reflects the important characteristics of the population

Question 6

Non-representative

Answer 6

Also called a biased sample, it does not reflect the important characteristics of the population

Question 7

Response rate

Answer 7

Represents the percentage of cases who participate in a survey out of all of those who were selected to participate

Question 8

Social desirability bias

Answer 8

A tendency to respond in a way that a person feels a socially appropriate, rather than as she or he truly feels

Question 9

Probability sampling

Answer 9

Each member of the population has a chance of being selected into the sample, and the probability of being selected can be specified

Question 10

Nonprobability sampling

Answer 10

Each member of the population either does not have a chance of being selected into the sample, the probability of being selected cannot be determined, or both

Question 11

Simple random sampling

Answer 11

In which every member of the sampling frame has an equal probability of being chosen at random to participate in the survey

Question 12

Stratified random sampling

Answer 12

A sampling frame is divided into groups (called strata; singular = stratum) and then within each group random sampling is used to select the members of the sample

Question 13

Cluster sampling

Answer 13

Units that contain members of the population are identified. These units, called clusters, are then randomly sampled

Question 14

Single stage cluster sampling

Answer 14

All the participants in the randomly selected clusters are chosen to participate in the survey

Question 15

Multi stage sampling

Answer 15

The use of two or more stages to select progressively smaller samples

Question 16

Convenience sampling

Answer 16

A nonprobability sampling type next line members of a population are selected non-randomly for inclusion and a sample, on the basis of convenience.
Also called haphazard sampling

Question 17

Quota sampling

Answer 17

A non-probability sampling type next line a sample is non-randomly selected to match the proportion of one or more key characteristics of the population

Question 18

Self-selection

Answer 18

Occurs when participants place themselves in a sample, rather than being selected for inclusion by a researcher

Question 19

Purposive sampling

Answer 19

Researcher select a sample according to a specific goal or purpose of the study rather than a random

Question 20

Expert sampling

Answer 20

Researchers identify experts on a topic and ask them to participate

Question 21

Snowball sampling

Answer 21

People contacted to participate in a survey or asked recruit or to provide contact information for other people who meet criteria for survey inclusion

Question 22

Sampling variability

Answer 22

Chance fluctuations in the characteristics of samples that occur when randomly selecting samples for my population

Question 23

Margin of sampling error

Answer 23

A range of values within Which the true population is presume to reside

Question 24

Confidence level

Answer 24

A degree of confidence of the true population value resides within a particular margin of error

Question 25

Likert scale

Answer 25

Measures peoples attitudes by combining scores on several items, each of which records how positively or negatively a person feels about a statement

Question 26

Leading questions

Answer 26

Items presented in an unbalanced way that can overtly ir subtley suggest that one viewpoint a response is preferable to another

Question 27

Loaded question

Answer 27

Items containing emotionally charged words that suggest one viewpoint or response is preferable to another, or containing assumptions with which the option to disagree is not provided

Question 28

Double barreled questions

Answer 28

Items that ask about two issues within one question, forcing respondents to come by and potentially different opinions into one judgment

Question 29

Double negatives

Answer 29

Items who’s freezing contains two negative words

Question 30

Context affects

Answer 30

Occur in responses to a survey item are influenced by the particular items that occur directly or soon before it

Question 31

Interviewer affects

Answer 31

Aspect of the interview was present at the store participants to responses

Question 32

Nonresponse bias

Answer 32

Occurs when people who were selected but didn’t participate in a survey would have provided significantly different answers from those provided by the participants