Chapter 6 Flashcards
Case study
An in-depth analysis of an individual, social unit, event, or other phenomenon
Qualitative case study
To examine an individual case in depth, within its real life context
Quantitative case study
Researchers rely primarily on numerical assessments and analysis to describe an understand a case
Mixed methods case study
Researchers rely substantially on both qualitative and quantitative data and analyses to explore a case
Intrinsic case study
The case is examined in deaths due to some inherit interest in learning about that particular case
Instrumental case study
A case is analyzed in depth because it is an example of, our otherwise provides information about, a broader phenomenan
Collective case study
In which each of several cases is studied in depth for the purpose of learning about a broader phenomenon
Single case study
Researchers analyze one case in depth
Multiple case study design
Research examine two or more cases and perform an in-depth analysis of each case
Semi structured interview
The researcher identifies in advance a set of topics or themes to be discussed with the interviewee, but the wait and sequence in which questions are asked remain flexible
Focus group
A moderator leads a group of people through an interview and discussion of a set of topics
Observer bias
Occurs when researchers have expectations or other predispositions that
Distort their observations
Observational research
Encompasses different types of nonexperimental studies in which behavior is systematically watched and recorded
Naturalistic observation
Researchers possibly observed behavior any natural setting
Disguised versus undisguised observation
Based on whether the individuals being studied are aware that they are being observed
Reactivity
Occurs when the process of observing or otherwise measuring behavior causes that behavior to change
Participant observation
The observer becomes a part of the group or social setting being studied
Ethnography
A qualitative research approach that often combines participants observations with interviews to gain an integrative description of social groups
Structured observation
A researcher fully or partly figure is the setting in which behavior will be observed
Behavioral coding systems
Involve classifying participants responses into mutually exclusive categories
Observer rating and ranking scales
Used to evaluate participants behavior or other characteristics
Diary
Asked participants to record their behaviors are experiences for defined periods of time or whenever certain events take place
Interobserver reliability
Represents the degree to which independent observers show agreement in their observations
Focal sampling
Used to select a particular member or unit such as a parent infant dyad who will be observed at any given time
Scan sampling
Preselected times the observer rapidly scans each member of a group so that the entire group is observed within a relatively short period
Situation sampling
Used to establish diverse settings in which behavior is observed
Time sampling
Used to select a representative set of time periods during which observations will occur
Blind observation
Observer should be kept unaware of all hypotheses being tested and any key information about participants that relates to those hypotheses
Habituation
A decrease in the strength of response overtime to repeated stimulus
Unobtrusive measure
Assess his behavior without making people aware that the behavior is being measured
Physical trace measures
Which unobtrusively examine traces of behavior that people create or leave behind
Archival records
Previously existing documents are other data that were produced independently of the current research
