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Environmental Science > Chapter 6: Wild Speciesand Biodiversity > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Wild Speciesand Biodiversity Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ecosystem Captial

A

goods and services provided to humans by natural systems

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2
Q

Keeping ecosystem sustainability means saving:

A

its ingegrity: resilience, processes, biodiversity

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3
Q

Biota

A

responsible for ecosystem structure and maintenance

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4
Q

species of living things that are responsible for ecosystem structure and maintenance

A

Biota

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5
Q

Biological wealth

A

biota plus their ecosystems

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6
Q

What does biological wealth represent

A

a major part of a country’s total wealth

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7
Q

What constitutes biodiversity?

A

the richness of living species

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8
Q

What is the root cause of humans dependence on biological wealth

A

The way we regard and value nature

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9
Q

Challenge for humans

A

for all to gain the understanding that wild species have value that makes it essential to preserve them

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10
Q

Instrumental value

A

a species’ or organism’s existence or use benefits some other entity (more likely to be preserved?, anthropocentric

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11
Q

Anthropocentric

A

beneficiaries are humans

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12
Q

Intrinsic value

A

something has value for its own sake

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13
Q

Categories of Natural Species Value

A
  1. Sources of food and raw materials
  2. Sources of Medicines
  3. Recreational, aesthetic, and scientific value
  4. Value for their own sake (intrinsic)
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14
Q

Genetic bank

A

living things house the gene pools of all living species

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15
Q

What three species provide 50% of global food demands

A

wheat, maize, rice

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16
Q

What happens if wild populations are destroyed?

A

Potential for developing new cultivars is lost

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17
Q

Habitat change

A

has caused 36% of all extinctions (greatest cause of biodiversity loss), through

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18
Q

Support only small numbers and populations of species

A

Fragmentations of habitat

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19
Q

Roadways

A

kill a million animals each day

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20
Q

Edge habitats

A

expose species to predators and nest parasites

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21
Q

Interior habitats and species decrease as

A

edge habitat and species increase

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22
Q

What causes biodiversity loss

A
  1. Simlification of habitats by removing trees and channelizing streams
  2. Intrusion of human structures in habitats
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23
Q

Simplification

A

making natural areas more park-like and reduces diversity

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24
Q

Invasive species

A

thrive, spread, and may eliminate native species by predation or competition

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25
Q

Thrive, spread, and may eliminate native species by predation or competition

A

invasive species

26
Q

Red imported fire ants

A
  1. kill 20% of songbird babies

2. cause decline in native species

27
Q

Invasive species

A

have caused problems for native species since colonists arrived

28
Q

Aquaculture

A

the farming of shellfish, seaweed, and nfish

29
Q

Free-roaming house cats

A

kill over a billion mammals and hundreds of millions of birds each year

30
Q

How much do exotics cost the U.S. each year?

A

$137 billion

31
Q

What are almost all hippo threats caused by?

A

overpopulation of humans

32
Q

Pollution

A

destroys or alters habitats, can change abiotic factors

33
Q

Overexploitation

A

overharvest of a species

34
Q

Trade in exotics

A

trafficking in wildlife

35
Q

Keystone species

A

play a vital role in survival of other species

36
Q

Umbrella species

A

larger animals that need lots of unspoiled habitat

37
Q

Why are most declining species K-selected

A

they’re more vulnerable to rapid envt’l changes

38
Q

What does the loss of keystone species have great negative impacts on?

A

ecosystems

39
Q

As species become more rare…

A

the prices of the illegal animals/products rise

40
Q

Conservation biology

A

focuses on protection of populations and species

41
Q

Taxonomy

A

the cataloging and naming of species

42
Q

How can individuals help protect biodiversity

A
  1. Personal choices
  2. Support non-profits and push for policy actions
  3. Push corporations to be more sustainable
  4. “Citizen scientists”
43
Q

In the U.S., wildlife resources are what?

A

public resources

44
Q

Lacey Act (1900)

A

forbids interstate commerce in illegally killed wildlife

45
Q

The ESA protects endangered species:

A

in imminent danger of becoming extict if it is not protected

46
Q

Listing

A

by the appropriate agency, individuals, groups, or state agencies

47
Q

Critical habitat

A

designated as areas where a species is or could spread as it recovers

48
Q

Recovery plans

A

designed to allow listed species to survive and thrive

49
Q

The two major causes of extinction

A

(habitat loss and invasive species) are increasing

50
Q

What groups oppose the ESA

A

Development, timber, recreational, mining, and other groups

51
Q

would have severely limited species protection, eliminate protection of critical habitat and reduce input of EPA and USFWS

A

TERSA

52
Q

Success in protecting species

A

Birds of prey have recovered and been delisted

53
Q

IUCN

A

monitors successes and failures of conservation efforts

54
Q

CITES

A

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

55
Q

How often do CITES countires meet?

A

every 2-3 years

56
Q

Why have some countries applied to CITES?

A

to resume ivory sales

57
Q

Three objectives of CITES

A
  1. Conservation of biodiversity
  2. Sustainable use of biodiversity services
  3. Equitable sharing of a nation’s genetic resources
58
Q

Hot spots

A

34 regions making up 2.3% of Earth’s land surface and contains 75% of hte most threatened species

59
Q

Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund

A

Provides grants to NGOs and community-based groups

60
Q

The UN Global Biodiversity Assessments’ recommendations

A

Address the needs of people living next to high-biodiversity areas and involve them

61
Q

Who does the loss of biodiversity most severely affect?

A

the poorest people in developing nations

Environmental Science (14 decks)

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