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Environmental Science > Chapter 3: Basic Living Needs of Living Things > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Basic Living Needs of Living Things Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ecology is the study of all processes influencing:

A
  • the distribution and abundance of organisms

- interactions between living things and the environment

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2
Q

Species

A

A group of individuals capable of breeding and having fertile offspring

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3
Q

How are species grouped?

A
  1. Species
  2. Genera
  3. Families
  4. Orders
  5. Classes
  6. Phyla
  7. Kingdoms
  8. Domains
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4
Q

How do you write a species name?

A
  1. Latin with two parts

2. Genus is capitalized, species is not

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5
Q

Population

A

Individuals that make up an interbreeding, reproducing group

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6
Q

What does population refer too?

A

Species in a specific area

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7
Q

Ecosystem

A

Interactive communities and abiotic factors affecting them

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8
Q

Ecotone

A

Transitional area between two ecosystems

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9
Q

Landscape

A

Cluster of interacting ecosystems

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10
Q

Biome

A

Large area with the same climate and vegetation

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11
Q

Two determining factors of a biome

A
  • rainfall

* temperature

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12
Q

Biosphere

A

Huge system formed by all living things

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13
Q

Condition

A

A factor that varies in space and time but isn’t used up

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14
Q

Examples of conditions

A

Temperature, wind, pH, salinity

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15
Q

Resource

A

Any factor consumed by organisms

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16
Q

Optimum range

A

A certain level where organisms grow or survive best

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17
Q

For every factor there is an _________________.

A

Optimum range

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18
Q

Range of tolerance

A

The entire range allowing growth

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19
Q

Limits of tolerance

A

High and low ends of the range of tolerance

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20
Q

Zones of stress

A

Are between the optimal range and the high or low range of tolerance

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21
Q

Limiting factor

A

Any factor that limits growth

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22
Q

Law of limiting factors

A

Any factor outside of the optimal range that will cause stress and limit growth, reproduction, and survival of a population

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23
Q

Synergistic effects/synergisms)

A

Factors that interact to cause a greater effect that expected

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24
Q

Microhabitat

A

Puddles, rocks, holes in tree trunks

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25
Q

Habitat

A

The place where a species is adapted live

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26
Q

Niche

A

The sum of all conditions and resources under which a species can live

27
Q

Matter

A

Anything that occupies space and has mass

28
Q

Atoms

A

The building blocks of all matter

29
Q

Atoms are the smallest components of _________ that have that _____________ properties

A

Elements;element

30
Q

Element

A

94 naturally occurring kinds of atoms

31
Q

Law of Conservation of matter states free things

A
  1. Atoms don’t change
  2. Not created or destroyed
  3. Only rearranged
32
Q

Molecule

A

Two or more atoms of the same or different kinds that are bonded in a new specific way

33
Q

Compound

A

Two or more different kinds of atoms/elements

34
Q

Atmosphere

A

The thin layer of gasses separating Earth from outer spaces

35
Q

Hydrosphere

A
  • all water in oceans, rivers, ice, groundwater

- source of hydrogen

36
Q

Sublimation

A

Water goes from solid directly into the air

37
Q

Lithosphere

A

All elements required by organisms are in minerals

38
Q

How do the spheres interact with each other

A

Minerals in the 3 spheres interact with the biosphere as living organisms use materials from the other three spheres to build molecules

39
Q

Six key elements

A
  1. Carbon (C)
  2. Hydrogen (H)
  3. Oxygen (O)
  4. Nitrogen
  5. Phosphorus
  6. Sulfur
40
Q

Organic compounds

A

Chemical compounds making up tissue of living organisms

- mainly carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

41
Q

Inorganic compounds

A

Molecules or compounds with neither carbon-carbon nor carbon-hydrogen bonds

42
Q

Energy

A

The ability to move matter

43
Q

Energy changes…

A

Position or state of matter

44
Q

Common forms of energy

A

Light, heat, movement, electricity

45
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy in action or motion

46
Q

Potential energy

A

Energy stored

47
Q

Chemical energy

A

Potential energy contained in chemicals and fuels

48
Q

First Law of Thermodynamics (Law of Conservation of Energy)

A

Energy is neither created nor destroyed

49
Q

Second Law of Thermodynamics

A

Some usable energy is lost (converted to heat energy) in an energy conversion

50
Q

Entropy

A

Measures the degree of disorder in a system

51
Q

Producers

A

Convert low-potential-energy raw materials

52
Q

Photosynthesis

A

6 CO2 + 6 H2O ——> C6H12O6 + 6 O2

53
Q

Consumers

A

Live on the production of others

54
Q

Enzymes

A

Proteins that promote the synthesis or breaking of chemical bonds

55
Q

Cell respiration

A

Organic molecules are broken down inside each cell (release potential energy)

56
Q

Respiration formula

A

C6H12O6 + 6 OH2 —–> 6 Co2 + 6 H2O + energy

57
Q

Biogeochemical cycle (nutrient cycle)

A

Nutrients are recycled and continually reused

58
Q

Carbon cycle

A

Carbon dioxide in the air become organic molecules in organisms then respired into the air

59
Q

Ways we increase CO2

A
  1. Burning fossil fuels has increased CO2 by 35%

2. Deforestation and soil degradation

60
Q

The Biogeochemical cycle is the repeated pathway of…

A

Nutrients or elements from the environment, through living organisms, and back again

61
Q

Phosphorous cycle

A

Mineral elements originate in rock and soil minerals

62
Q

A shortage of phosphorus is a…

A

Limiting factor

63
Q

Why is phosphorus an essential nutrient?

A
  1. It’s part of every DNA and RNA molecule
  2. It’s part of the molecules stored in energy, ADP, and ATP
  3. It’s part of fats making up cell membranes
  4. It’s a building block in bones and teeth
  5. Important to plan health and root development, growth, sugar, and starch
64
Q

What is the most serious intrusion to the phosphorus cycle and why?

A

Fertilizers. They can stimulate production

Environmental Science (14 decks)

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