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Environmental Science > Chapter 3: Basic Living Needs of Living Things > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Basic Living Needs of Living Things Flashcards

1
Q

Ecology is the study of all processes influencing:

A
  • the distribution and abundance of organisms

- interactions between living things and the environment

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2
Q

Species

A

A group of individuals capable of breeding and having fertile offspring

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3
Q

How are species grouped?

A
  1. Species
  2. Genera
  3. Families
  4. Orders
  5. Classes
  6. Phyla
  7. Kingdoms
  8. Domains
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4
Q

How do you write a species name?

A
  1. Latin with two parts

2. Genus is capitalized, species is not

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5
Q

Population

A

Individuals that make up an interbreeding, reproducing group

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6
Q

What does population refer too?

A

Species in a specific area

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7
Q

Ecosystem

A

Interactive communities and abiotic factors affecting them

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8
Q

Ecotone

A

Transitional area between two ecosystems

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9
Q

Landscape

A

Cluster of interacting ecosystems

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10
Q

Biome

A

Large area with the same climate and vegetation

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11
Q

Two determining factors of a biome

A
  • rainfall

* temperature

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12
Q

Biosphere

A

Huge system formed by all living things

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13
Q

Condition

A

A factor that varies in space and time but isn’t used up

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14
Q

Examples of conditions

A

Temperature, wind, pH, salinity

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15
Q

Resource

A

Any factor consumed by organisms

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16
Q

Optimum range

A

A certain level where organisms grow or survive best

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17
Q

For every factor there is an _________________.

A

Optimum range

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18
Q

Range of tolerance

A

The entire range allowing growth

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19
Q

Limits of tolerance

A

High and low ends of the range of tolerance

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20
Q

Zones of stress

A

Are between the optimal range and the high or low range of tolerance

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21
Q

Limiting factor

A

Any factor that limits growth

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22
Q

Law of limiting factors

A

Any factor outside of the optimal range that will cause stress and limit growth, reproduction, and survival of a population

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23
Q

Synergistic effects/synergisms)

A

Factors that interact to cause a greater effect that expected

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24
Q

Microhabitat

A

Puddles, rocks, holes in tree trunks

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25
Habitat
The place where a species is adapted live
26
Niche
The sum of all conditions and resources under which a species can live
27
Matter
Anything that occupies space and has mass
28
Atoms
The building blocks of all matter
29
Atoms are the smallest components of _________ that have that _____________ properties
Elements;element
30
Element
94 naturally occurring kinds of atoms
31
Law of Conservation of matter states free things
1. Atoms don't change 2. Not created or destroyed 3. Only rearranged
32
Molecule
Two or more atoms of the same or different kinds that are bonded in a new specific way
33
Compound
Two or more different kinds of atoms/elements
34
Atmosphere
The thin layer of gasses separating Earth from outer spaces
35
Hydrosphere
- all water in oceans, rivers, ice, groundwater | - source of hydrogen
36
Sublimation
Water goes from solid directly into the air
37
Lithosphere
All elements required by organisms are in minerals
38
How do the spheres interact with each other
Minerals in the 3 spheres interact with the biosphere as living organisms use materials from the other three spheres to build molecules
39
Six key elements
1. Carbon (C) 2. Hydrogen (H) 3. Oxygen (O) 4. Nitrogen 5. Phosphorus 6. Sulfur
40
Organic compounds
Chemical compounds making up tissue of living organisms | - mainly carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
41
Inorganic compounds
Molecules or compounds with neither carbon-carbon nor carbon-hydrogen bonds
42
Energy
The ability to move matter
43
Energy changes...
Position or state of matter
44
Common forms of energy
Light, heat, movement, electricity
45
Kinetic energy
Energy in action or motion
46
Potential energy
Energy stored
47
Chemical energy
Potential energy contained in chemicals and fuels
48
First Law of Thermodynamics (Law of Conservation of Energy)
Energy is neither created nor destroyed
49
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Some usable energy is lost (converted to heat energy) in an energy conversion
50
Entropy
Measures the degree of disorder in a system
51
Producers
Convert low-potential-energy raw materials
52
Photosynthesis
6 CO2 + 6 H2O ------> C6H12O6 + 6 O2
53
Consumers
Live on the production of others
54
Enzymes
Proteins that promote the synthesis or breaking of chemical bonds
55
Cell respiration
Organic molecules are broken down inside each cell (release potential energy)
56
Respiration formula
C6H12O6 + 6 OH2 -----> 6 Co2 + 6 H2O + energy
57
Biogeochemical cycle (nutrient cycle)
Nutrients are recycled and continually reused
58
Carbon cycle
Carbon dioxide in the air become organic molecules in organisms then respired into the air
59
Ways we increase CO2
1. Burning fossil fuels has increased CO2 by 35% | 2. Deforestation and soil degradation
60
The Biogeochemical cycle is the repeated pathway of...
Nutrients or elements from the environment, through living organisms, and back again
61
Phosphorous cycle
Mineral elements originate in rock and soil minerals
62
A shortage of phosphorus is a...
Limiting factor
63
Why is phosphorus an essential nutrient?
1. It's part of every DNA and RNA molecule 2. It's part of the molecules stored in energy, ADP, and ATP 3. It's part of fats making up cell membranes 4. It's a building block in bones and teeth 5. Important to plan health and root development, growth, sugar, and starch
64
What is the most serious intrusion to the phosphorus cycle and why?
Fertilizers. They can stimulate production

Environmental Science (14 decks)

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