Chapter 6: Urinary System Flashcards
-ation
Process of
Nephr/o
Kidney
Ren/o
Kidney
Ur/o
Urine, urinary system
Cyst/o
Bladder
Vesic/o
Bladder
Urin/o
Urine, urinary system
Cellul/o
Cell
Extra-
Outside
-logy
Study of
Chym/o
Juices
par-
near, beside
en-
in
Ureter/o
Ureter
Urethr/o
Urethra
Meat/o
Meatus
Retro-
Backward
Cortic/o
Renal Cortex
Medull/o
Renal Medulla
Pyel/o
Renal Pelvis
Py/o
Pus
Pyr/o
Fire
Hil/o
Hilum
-ion
Process of
Function of the urinary system?
Take and remove waste of the body, regulate blood pressure, regulates blood production
Define meatus
an opening
Define convoluted
Not straight, scrunched up
-esis
State of
-dipsia
Thirst
-uria
Urinary condition
Define Nocturia
Condition of excessive urination at night
Define Polydipsia
Condition of excessive thirst
Poly-
excessive, frequent
Define Urinary abscess
Cavity containing pus and surrounded by inflamed tissue in the urinary system
Define Edema
Accumulation of fluid in the tissues (possibly from kidney failure)
Define pyuria
Pus in the urine
Define urinary retention
Inability to release urine, or to release all of the urine
Define urgency
Intense sensation of the need to urinate immediately
Define urinary incontinence
Inability to hold urine
Define colic
pain
What are the two types of diabetes?
Diabetes Insipidus (DI), and Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
Define Diabetes Insipidus
Deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) which causes extreme thirst (polydipsia) and large quantities of urine (polyuria)
Define Diabetes Mellitis
Group of metabolic disorders characterized by high glucose levels from inadequate amounts of insulin, resistance to insulin, or a combo of both
Which diabetes has a type one and type two?
Diabetes Mellitis
What does UTI stand for?
Urinary Tract infection
What is a Urinary tract infection?
Most common Infection in the urinary system, caused by bacteria, parasites, yeast, and protozoa
What does PKD stand for?
Polycystic Kidney disease
What is polycystic kidney disease?
Inherited disorder by enlargement of the kidneys caused by renal cysts that reduce the function of the tissue
What does ARF stand for?
Acute Renal failure
What does CKD stand for?
Chronic kidney disease(formerly Chronic renal failure)
What is stage 5 of CKD called?
End stage renal disease (ESRD)
What is chronic kidney disease?
Kidney failure measured in five stages, 1 being mild damage and normal function, 5 being end stage renal disease requiring transplant or dialysis
What does UA stand for?
Urinalysis
What are the findings in a physical urinalysis?
Appearance, color, quantity, (SG) specific gravity
What are the findings in a chemical urinalysis?
Bilirubin, blood, creatinine, glucose, ketones, pH, Protein
What are the findings in a microscopic urinalysis?
Bacteria and pus
What is a BUN test?
Blood urea nitrogen test- measures nitrogenous waste in the circulatory system
What is a GFR test?
Glomerular filtration rate test- amount of blood filtered by the glomeruli of the kidneys
What is KUB?
Kidney, ureter, and bladder radiographic imaging (XRAY) with a contrast medium
What is VCUG?
Voiding cystourethrography- imaging done of the bladder and urethra with contrast while patient is urinating
Cystoscopy?
Visual exam of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope
What is a catheter?
Hollow, FLEXIBLE tube that can be inserted into a vessel, organ or cavity to drain fluid
What is a stent?
Tubular device for SUPPORTING hollow structures during anastomosis or holding arteries open after angioplasty
What does HS stand for?
Hemodialysis
What is hemodialysis?
Renal filtering of blood by shunting it from the body through a machine for diffusion and ultra-filtration then returning it to patient’s circulation
What does CT stand for?
Computed tomography
Urinary pH modifiers are…?
Increase (acidizers) or decrease (alkalinizers) the pH of the urine to prevent kidney stones, treat acidosis or promote excretion of toxins
Anticholinergics are…?
Help control incontinence by delaying the urge, increasing bladder capacity, and relaxing the bladder muscles
Antidiuretics are…?
Suppress urine formation
Antiinfectives are…?
Fight infections in the urinary system (antibiotics, antifungals, antiseptics)
Antispasmodics are…?
Anticholinergic drugs that relax the bladder for treatment of incontinence
Diuretics are…?
Increase the formation of urine by promoting excretion of water and sodium, often used to treat high blood pressure
Anti-
Against
Cyt/o
Cell
Noct/i
Night
Azot/o
Nitrogen
-phagia
swallowing, eating
Hemat/o
blood
Neur/o
Nerve
-pathy
disease process
-sclerosis
hardening
-ptosis
sagging, drooping
-ology
study of
-scope
instrument to view
-scopy
process of viewing
-graphy
process of recording
-metry
process of measuring
-plasty
surgical repair
-pexy
suspension, fixation
olig/o
few
-tripsy
crushing
lith/o
stones
polyuria
excessive urination
Azoturia
Excessive nitrogen in urine
Dys-
Bad, abnormal
Dysuria
painful/abnormal urination
Dysphagia
problem swallowing
Hematuria
Blood in the urine
Nephropexy
suspending or fixing the kidney in place
Oliguria
Some, but not a lot of urine expelled (condition)
Hypertension
High blood pressure
Stricture
Something narrowing something else
Jaundice
Yellowing of the skin and eyes from problem with the liver
Glyc/o
glucose, sugar
Henle aka Nephronic loop
The tube connecting the proximal and distal convoluted tubules in the kidneys
