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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5: Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Gastrointestinal Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Combining Forms: Gastr/o

A

Stomach

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2
Q

Combining Forms: Enter/o

A

Small Intestine

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3
Q

Combining Forms: Intestin/o

A

Intestines

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4
Q

Combining Forms: Lapar/o

A

Abdomen

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5
Q

Combining Forms: Mucos/o

A

Mucosa/Mucus

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6
Q

Combining Forms: Myx/o

A

Mucosa/Mucus

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7
Q

Combining Forms: Odont/o

A

Teeth

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8
Q

Combining Forms: Ped/o

A

Child

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9
Q

Combining Forms: Orth/o

A

Straight

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10
Q

Combining Forms: Proct/o

A

Rectum AND Anus

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11
Q

Combining Forms: Celi/o

A

Abdomen

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12
Q

Combining Forms: Abdomin/o

A

Abdomen

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13
Q

Combining Forms: Or/o

A

Mouth, oral cavity

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14
Q

Combining Forms: Stomat/o

A

Mouth, oral cavity

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15
Q

Combining Forms: Stom/o

A

Mouth, oral cavity

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16
Q

Combining Forms: Cheil/o

A

Lips

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17
Q

Combining Forms: Labi/o

A

Lips

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18
Q

Combining Forms: Bucc/o

A

Cheek

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19
Q

Combining Forms: Gloss/o

A

Tongue

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20
Q

Combining Forms: Lingu/o

A

Tongue

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21
Q

Combining Forms: Palat/o

A

Palate

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22
Q

Combining Forms: Dent/i

A

Teeth

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23
Q

Combining Forms: Gingiv/o

A

Gums

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24
Q

Combining Forms: Sialaden/o

A

Salivary Glands

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25
Q

Combining Forms: Sial/o

A

Saliva

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26
Q

Combining Forms: Ot/o

A

Ear

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27
Q

Combining Forms: Mandibul/o

A

Mandible, lower jaw

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28
Q

Combining Forms: Maxill/o

A

Maxilla, Upper jaw

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29
Q

Combining Forms: Pharyng/o

A

Pharynx/throat

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30
Q

Combining Forms: Nas/o

A

Nose

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31
Q

Combining Forms: Laryng/o

A

Larynx/ voicebox

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32
Q

Combining Forms: Fund/o

A

Fundus

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33
Q

Combining Forms: Corpor/o

A

Body

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34
Q

Combining Forms: Pylor/o

A

Pylorus

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35
Q

Combining Forms: Duoden/o

A

Duodenum

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36
Q

Combining Forms: Lumin/o

A

Lumen

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37
Q

Combining Forms: Jejun/o

A

Jejunum

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38
Q

Combining Forms: Ile/o

A

Ileum

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39
Q

Combining Forms: Plic/o

A

Plica, fold

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40
Q

Combining Forms: Vill/o

A

Villus

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41
Q

Combining Forms: Lip/o

A

Fat

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42
Q

Combining Forms: Lipid/o

A

Fat

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43
Q

Combining Forms: Col/o

A

Large intestine/colon

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44
Q

Combining Forms: Cec/o

A

Cecum

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45
Q

Combining Forms: Append/o

A

Appendix

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46
Q

Combining Forms: Appendic/o

A

Appendix

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47
Q

Combining Forms: Fec/a

A

Feces

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48
Q

Combining Forms: Sigmoid/o

A

Sigmoid colon

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49
Q

Combining Forms: Rect/o

A

Rectum, straight

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50
Q

Combining Forms: An/o

A

Anus

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51
Q

Combining Forms: Cholecyst/o

A

Gallbladder

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52
Q

Combining Forms: Adnex/o

A

Accessory

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53
Q

Combining Forms: Lob/o

A

Lobe

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54
Q

Combining Forms: Hepat/o

A

Liver

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55
Q

Combining Forms: Diaphragmat/o

A

Diaphragm

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56
Q

Combining Forms: Phren/o

A

Diaphragm

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57
Q

Combining Forms: Chol/e

A

Bile

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58
Q

Combining Forms: Bil/i

A

Bile

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59
Q

Combining Forms: Choledoch/o

A

Common Bile Duct

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60
Q

Combining Forms: Cholangi/o

A

Bile vessel

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61
Q

Combining Forms: Pancreat/o

A

Pancreas

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62
Q

Combining Forms: Gluc/o

A

Sugar/ glucose

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63
Q

Combining Forms: Amyl/o

A

Starch

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64
Q

Combining Forms: Halit/o

A

Breath

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65
Q

Combining Forms: Hemat/o

A

Blood

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66
Q

Combining Forms: Pyr/o

A

Fire

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67
Q

Combining Forms: Aphth/o

A

Ulceration

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68
Q

Combining Forms: Leuk/o

A

White

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69
Q

Combining Forms: Py/o

A

Pus

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70
Q

Combining Forms: Periton/o

A

Peritoneum

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71
Q

Combining Forms: Cirrh/o

A

Orange-yellow

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72
Q

Combining Forms: Lith/o

A

Stones

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73
Q

Combining Forms: Inguin/o

A

Groin

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74
Q

Combining Forms: Leiomy/o

A

Smooth muscle

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75
Q

Combining Forms: Aden/o

A

Gland

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76
Q

Combining Forms: Tom/o

A

section, cutting

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77
Q

Combining Forms: Hem/o

A

Blood

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78
Q

Combining Forms: Bi/o

A

Living

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79
Q

Combining Forms: Aliment/o

A

Nutrition

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80
Q

Combining Forms: Bar/o

A

Weight

81
Q

Combining Forms: My/o

A

Muscle

82
Q

Combining Forms: Ligat/o

A

Tying

83
Q

Suffix: -stalsis

A

contraction

84
Q

Suffix: -pepsia

A

digestion condition

85
Q

Suffix: -phagia

A

Swallowing/eating

86
Q

Suffix: -stomy

A

new opening

87
Q

Suffix: -tomy

A

incision

88
Q

Suffix: -ectomy

A

removal, excision

89
Q

Suffix: -iasis

A

presence of

90
Q

Suffix: -plasty

A

surgical repair

91
Q

Suffix: -tresia

A

condition of an opening

92
Q

Suffix: -chezia

A

condition of stools

93
Q

Prefix: A-

A

Without, not , no

94
Q

Prefix: An-

A

no, not, without

95
Q

Prefix: Dys-

A

Difficult, bad

96
Q

Prefix: Peri-

A

Surrounding

97
Q

Prefix: Pre-

A

before, in front of

98
Q

Prefix: Syn-

A

together, joined

99
Q

Prefix: Trans-

A

through

100
Q

Suffix: -emesis

A

Vomitting

101
Q

Suffix: -crine

A

To secrete

102
Q

Suffix: -kinin

A

movement substance

103
Q

Prefix: Exo

A

Outside

104
Q

Prefix: Endo

A

Within

105
Q

Suffix: -plakia

A

Condition of patches

106
Q

Suffix: -occlusion

A

Condition of closure

107
Q

Combining Form: Hiat/o

A

An Opening

108
Q

Suffix: -centesis

A

Surgical puncture

109
Q

Combining form: plas/o

A

Formation, growth

110
Q

Prefix: Hyper-

A

Excessive

111
Q

Prefix: Hypo-

A

Below, deficient

112
Q

Where does digestion begin?

A

Mouth, oral cavity

113
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

The wave like motion of food moving through the digestive tract

114
Q

What is a Bolis?

A

Chunk/clump of food

115
Q

What does a sphincter do?

A

Closes/contracts to avoid regurgitation and releases to let food/substance pass

116
Q

What does the esophageal sphincter do?

A

Prevents acid re-flux from stomach to mouth

117
Q

What does the Pyloric sphincter do?

A

Releases food from stomach to small intestine

118
Q

Combining Form: Lys/o

A

Breakdown

119
Q

What does GI stand for?

A

Gastrointestinal

120
Q

What does PUD stand for?

A

Peptic Ulcer Disease

121
Q

What does GERD stand for?

A

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

122
Q

What does IBS stand for?

A

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

123
Q

What does EGD stand for?

A

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

124
Q

What does HAV stand for?

A

Hepatitis A Virus

125
Q

What does HBV stand for?

A

Hepatitis B Virus

126
Q

What does IBD stand for?

A

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

127
Q

What does N&V stand for?

A

Nausea and vomitting

128
Q

What does BM stand for?

A

Bowel Movement

129
Q

What are adnexa?

A

Accessory Organs

130
Q

What are the adnexa?

A

Gallbladder, liver, pancreas

131
Q

What are the two things that make up bile?

A

Bilirubin and cholesterol

132
Q

What is pyrosis?

A

Heartburn

133
Q

What is dyspepsia?

A

Bloating, full aka indigestion

134
Q

What is eructation?

A

Burp, belch

135
Q

What is flatus?

A

Gas expelled through the anus

136
Q

What is constipation?

A

Infrequent, incomplete, or delayed BM’s

137
Q

What is Irritable bowel syndrome?

A

Diarrhea, gas, and/or constipation resulting from stress with no underlying disease

138
Q

What is halitosis?

A

Bad breath

139
Q

What is hematemesis?

A

Vomitting blood

140
Q

What is a hiccup?

A

involuntary contraction of the diaphragm

141
Q

What is nausea?

A

Sensation that accompanies the urge to vomit not always resulting in vomitting

142
Q

What is regurgitation?

A

Return of swallowed food to the mouth, or any backward flow in the body

143
Q

What is expelled from vomitting?

A

Vomitus, or emesis

144
Q

Define vomitting

A

Forced or involuntary emptying of the stomach through the mouth

145
Q

What is the other name for cavities?

A

Dental caries

146
Q

What is the proper name for a cold sore or fever blister caused by HSV?

A

Herpetic Stomatitis

147
Q

What is the proper term for a canker sore?

A

Aphthous Stomatitis

148
Q

Define Cleft Palate

A

Failure of the palate to close during fetal development creating an opening in the roof of the mouth

149
Q

What is another name for PUD?

A

Gastric or duodenal ulcers

150
Q

What is GERD?

A

Flowing back, or return of the contents of the stomach to the esophagus caused by an inability of the Lower esophageal sphincter(LES) to contract normally, (characterized by heartburn/pyrosis w/ or w/o regurgitation into the mouth)

151
Q

Define Gingivitis

A

Inflammation of the gums

152
Q

Define melena

A

Dark/black tarry stool caused by partially digested blood

153
Q

What is the fundus?

A

Top point of an organ

154
Q

What is an anal fissure?

A

Crack in the anus

155
Q

What is an incidental appendectomy?

A

When appendectomy is performed without presence of appendicitis

156
Q

What is Crohn’s disease?

A

Idiopathic disease characterized by the inflammation of the colon or the ileum

157
Q

What does idiopathic mean?

A

There is no known reason for disease

158
Q

What is a fistula?

A

Abnormal path/channel between organs or out to the surface of the body

159
Q

Define Hemorrhoid

A

Varicose vein of the lower rectum or anus

160
Q

Define Ileus

A

Obstruction

161
Q

Define volvulus

A

Twisting of the intestine

162
Q

Define Intussusception

A

inward telescoping of the intestines

163
Q

What is IBD?

A

chronic inflammation of the lining of the intestine shown as bleeding and diarrhea

164
Q

Define polyp

A

benign growth that may occur in the intestines

165
Q

What is choledocholithiasis?

A

Presence of stones in the common bile duct

166
Q

What is hepatitis?

A

inflammation of the liver caused by numerous reasons, forms lettered A-G

167
Q

How is hepatitis A transmitted?

A

Direct contact with food or water that has been contaminated with fecal matter

168
Q

How is hepatitis B transmitted?

A

Contaminated blood or sexual contact

169
Q

How is hepatitis C transmitted?

A

Blood transfusion, sharing of infected needles, percutaneous inoculation

170
Q

Define Jaundice

A

Yellowing of the skin and sclerae(whites of the eye) caused by elevated bilirubin

171
Q

Another word for jaundice

A

icterus

172
Q

Cirrhosis?

A

Chronic degenerative disease of liver associated w/ alcohol abuse, chronic liver disease, and biliary tract disorders

173
Q

What is a hernia?

A

Protrusion on an organ

174
Q

Barium Swallow?

A

Radiographic imaging after oral ingestion of a barium sulfate suspension to detect abnormalities of esophagus and stomach

175
Q

Barium Enema?

A

Radiographic imaging after insertion of barium sulfate suspension through the rectum to detect obstructions, tumors and abnormalities of the lower digestive tract

176
Q

What is a stool guaiac or hemoccult test?

A

Fecal specimen exam used to detect hidden blood that may indicate a GI bleed

177
Q

What does hemoccult roughly mean by word origin?

A

Secret blood

178
Q

Endoscopy?

A

Any viewing of the body within with an instrument called an endoscope

179
Q

What are the two types of nutrition given thru feeding tubes?

A

Enteral and parenteral nutrition

180
Q

Enteral nutrition ?

A

introduced through digestive structure

181
Q

Parenteral nutrition

A

introduced through a structure outside of the alimentary canal, usually intravenously

182
Q

Anastamosis?

A

new connection created between two (usually hollow) structures

183
Q

What is a trocar and what is it used for?

A

Surgical instrument that is a sharp rod within a tube used to puncture a body cavity

184
Q

What is created by a trocar?

A

“Port”

185
Q

What are anorexiants?

A

appetite suppresants to aid in weight control

186
Q

What are antacids?

A

A buffer of hydrochloric acid in the stomach to relieve symptoms of gerd, pyrosis and ulcers

187
Q

What are Antidiarrheals?

A

reduce intestinal motility to relieve diarrhea symptoms

188
Q

What are antiemetics?

A

Prevent or alleviate nausea and vomitting

189
Q

What are GI stimulants?

A

promote motility of the smooth muscles in GI tract

190
Q

What are H2RA’s?

A

Reduce hydrochloric acid production in the stomach for moderate lasting acid suppresion

191
Q

What does H2RA stand for?

A

Histamine2 receptor antogonists

192
Q

What are Laxatives?

A

Promote evacuation of the bowel by increasing bulk of feces, softening stool, or lubricating intestinal walls

193
Q

What are proton pump inhibitors?

A

Reduce production of hydrochloric acid for long lasting suppression of acid of disorders like GERD.

194
Q

Mastication

A

Process of Chewing

195
Q

Where does the breaking down of food start?

A

Stomach

196
Q

Digestion

A

Process of breaking down

197
Q

What happens in the intestines?

A

Nutrient absorption

198
Q

What is defecation?

A

Getting rid of used food out of the body

199
Q

What does dysphagia mean?

A

Trouble swallowing

Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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