Chapter 5: Gastrointestinal Flashcards
Combining Forms: Gastr/o
Stomach
Combining Forms: Enter/o
Small Intestine
Combining Forms: Intestin/o
Intestines
Combining Forms: Lapar/o
Abdomen
Combining Forms: Mucos/o
Mucosa/Mucus
Combining Forms: Myx/o
Mucosa/Mucus
Combining Forms: Odont/o
Teeth
Combining Forms: Ped/o
Child
Combining Forms: Orth/o
Straight
Combining Forms: Proct/o
Rectum AND Anus
Combining Forms: Celi/o
Abdomen
Combining Forms: Abdomin/o
Abdomen
Combining Forms: Or/o
Mouth, oral cavity
Combining Forms: Stomat/o
Mouth, oral cavity
Combining Forms: Stom/o
Mouth, oral cavity
Combining Forms: Cheil/o
Lips
Combining Forms: Labi/o
Lips
Combining Forms: Bucc/o
Cheek
Combining Forms: Gloss/o
Tongue
Combining Forms: Lingu/o
Tongue
Combining Forms: Palat/o
Palate
Combining Forms: Dent/i
Teeth
Combining Forms: Gingiv/o
Gums
Combining Forms: Sialaden/o
Salivary Glands
Combining Forms: Sial/o
Saliva
Combining Forms: Ot/o
Ear
Combining Forms: Mandibul/o
Mandible, lower jaw
Combining Forms: Maxill/o
Maxilla, Upper jaw
Combining Forms: Pharyng/o
Pharynx/throat
Combining Forms: Nas/o
Nose
Combining Forms: Laryng/o
Larynx/ voicebox
Combining Forms: Fund/o
Fundus
Combining Forms: Corpor/o
Body
Combining Forms: Pylor/o
Pylorus
Combining Forms: Duoden/o
Duodenum
Combining Forms: Lumin/o
Lumen
Combining Forms: Jejun/o
Jejunum
Combining Forms: Ile/o
Ileum
Combining Forms: Plic/o
Plica, fold
Combining Forms: Vill/o
Villus
Combining Forms: Lip/o
Fat
Combining Forms: Lipid/o
Fat
Combining Forms: Col/o
Large intestine/colon
Combining Forms: Cec/o
Cecum
Combining Forms: Append/o
Appendix
Combining Forms: Appendic/o
Appendix
Combining Forms: Fec/a
Feces
Combining Forms: Sigmoid/o
Sigmoid colon
Combining Forms: Rect/o
Rectum, straight
Combining Forms: An/o
Anus
Combining Forms: Cholecyst/o
Gallbladder
Combining Forms: Adnex/o
Accessory
Combining Forms: Lob/o
Lobe
Combining Forms: Hepat/o
Liver
Combining Forms: Diaphragmat/o
Diaphragm
Combining Forms: Phren/o
Diaphragm
Combining Forms: Chol/e
Bile
Combining Forms: Bil/i
Bile
Combining Forms: Choledoch/o
Common Bile Duct
Combining Forms: Cholangi/o
Bile vessel
Combining Forms: Pancreat/o
Pancreas
Combining Forms: Gluc/o
Sugar/ glucose
Combining Forms: Amyl/o
Starch
Combining Forms: Halit/o
Breath
Combining Forms: Hemat/o
Blood
Combining Forms: Pyr/o
Fire
Combining Forms: Aphth/o
Ulceration
Combining Forms: Leuk/o
White
Combining Forms: Py/o
Pus
Combining Forms: Periton/o
Peritoneum
Combining Forms: Cirrh/o
Orange-yellow
Combining Forms: Lith/o
Stones
Combining Forms: Inguin/o
Groin
Combining Forms: Leiomy/o
Smooth muscle
Combining Forms: Aden/o
Gland
Combining Forms: Tom/o
section, cutting
Combining Forms: Hem/o
Blood
Combining Forms: Bi/o
Living
Combining Forms: Aliment/o
Nutrition
Combining Forms: Bar/o
Weight
Combining Forms: My/o
Muscle
Combining Forms: Ligat/o
Tying
Suffix: -stalsis
contraction
Suffix: -pepsia
digestion condition
Suffix: -phagia
Swallowing/eating
Suffix: -stomy
new opening
Suffix: -tomy
incision
Suffix: -ectomy
removal, excision
Suffix: -iasis
presence of
Suffix: -plasty
surgical repair
Suffix: -tresia
condition of an opening
Suffix: -chezia
condition of stools
Prefix: A-
Without, not , no
Prefix: An-
no, not, without
Prefix: Dys-
Difficult, bad
Prefix: Peri-
Surrounding
Prefix: Pre-
before, in front of
Prefix: Syn-
together, joined
Prefix: Trans-
through
Suffix: -emesis
Vomitting
Suffix: -crine
To secrete
Suffix: -kinin
movement substance
Prefix: Exo
Outside
Prefix: Endo
Within
Suffix: -plakia
Condition of patches
Suffix: -occlusion
Condition of closure
Combining Form: Hiat/o
An Opening
Suffix: -centesis
Surgical puncture
Combining form: plas/o
Formation, growth
Prefix: Hyper-
Excessive
Prefix: Hypo-
Below, deficient
Where does digestion begin?
Mouth, oral cavity
What is peristalsis?
The wave like motion of food moving through the digestive tract
What is a Bolis?
Chunk/clump of food
What does a sphincter do?
Closes/contracts to avoid regurgitation and releases to let food/substance pass
What does the esophageal sphincter do?
Prevents acid re-flux from stomach to mouth
What does the Pyloric sphincter do?
Releases food from stomach to small intestine
Combining Form: Lys/o
Breakdown
What does GI stand for?
Gastrointestinal
What does PUD stand for?
Peptic Ulcer Disease
What does GERD stand for?
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
What does IBS stand for?
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
What does EGD stand for?
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
What does HAV stand for?
Hepatitis A Virus
What does HBV stand for?
Hepatitis B Virus
What does IBD stand for?
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
What does N&V stand for?
Nausea and vomitting
What does BM stand for?
Bowel Movement
What are adnexa?
Accessory Organs
What are the adnexa?
Gallbladder, liver, pancreas
What are the two things that make up bile?
Bilirubin and cholesterol
What is pyrosis?
Heartburn
What is dyspepsia?
Bloating, full aka indigestion
What is eructation?
Burp, belch
What is flatus?
Gas expelled through the anus
What is constipation?
Infrequent, incomplete, or delayed BM’s
What is Irritable bowel syndrome?
Diarrhea, gas, and/or constipation resulting from stress with no underlying disease
What is halitosis?
Bad breath
What is hematemesis?
Vomitting blood
What is a hiccup?
involuntary contraction of the diaphragm
What is nausea?
Sensation that accompanies the urge to vomit not always resulting in vomitting
What is regurgitation?
Return of swallowed food to the mouth, or any backward flow in the body
What is expelled from vomitting?
Vomitus, or emesis
Define vomitting
Forced or involuntary emptying of the stomach through the mouth
What is the other name for cavities?
Dental caries
What is the proper name for a cold sore or fever blister caused by HSV?
Herpetic Stomatitis
What is the proper term for a canker sore?
Aphthous Stomatitis
Define Cleft Palate
Failure of the palate to close during fetal development creating an opening in the roof of the mouth
What is another name for PUD?
Gastric or duodenal ulcers
What is GERD?
Flowing back, or return of the contents of the stomach to the esophagus caused by an inability of the Lower esophageal sphincter(LES) to contract normally, (characterized by heartburn/pyrosis w/ or w/o regurgitation into the mouth)
Define Gingivitis
Inflammation of the gums
Define melena
Dark/black tarry stool caused by partially digested blood
What is the fundus?
Top point of an organ
What is an anal fissure?
Crack in the anus
What is an incidental appendectomy?
When appendectomy is performed without presence of appendicitis
What is Crohn’s disease?
Idiopathic disease characterized by the inflammation of the colon or the ileum
What does idiopathic mean?
There is no known reason for disease
What is a fistula?
Abnormal path/channel between organs or out to the surface of the body
Define Hemorrhoid
Varicose vein of the lower rectum or anus
Define Ileus
Obstruction
Define volvulus
Twisting of the intestine
Define Intussusception
inward telescoping of the intestines
What is IBD?
chronic inflammation of the lining of the intestine shown as bleeding and diarrhea
Define polyp
benign growth that may occur in the intestines
What is choledocholithiasis?
Presence of stones in the common bile duct
What is hepatitis?
inflammation of the liver caused by numerous reasons, forms lettered A-G
How is hepatitis A transmitted?
Direct contact with food or water that has been contaminated with fecal matter
How is hepatitis B transmitted?
Contaminated blood or sexual contact
How is hepatitis C transmitted?
Blood transfusion, sharing of infected needles, percutaneous inoculation
Define Jaundice
Yellowing of the skin and sclerae(whites of the eye) caused by elevated bilirubin
Another word for jaundice
icterus
Cirrhosis?
Chronic degenerative disease of liver associated w/ alcohol abuse, chronic liver disease, and biliary tract disorders
What is a hernia?
Protrusion on an organ
Barium Swallow?
Radiographic imaging after oral ingestion of a barium sulfate suspension to detect abnormalities of esophagus and stomach
Barium Enema?
Radiographic imaging after insertion of barium sulfate suspension through the rectum to detect obstructions, tumors and abnormalities of the lower digestive tract
What is a stool guaiac or hemoccult test?
Fecal specimen exam used to detect hidden blood that may indicate a GI bleed
What does hemoccult roughly mean by word origin?
Secret blood
Endoscopy?
Any viewing of the body within with an instrument called an endoscope
What are the two types of nutrition given thru feeding tubes?
Enteral and parenteral nutrition
Enteral nutrition ?
introduced through digestive structure
Parenteral nutrition
introduced through a structure outside of the alimentary canal, usually intravenously
Anastamosis?
new connection created between two (usually hollow) structures
What is a trocar and what is it used for?
Surgical instrument that is a sharp rod within a tube used to puncture a body cavity
What is created by a trocar?
“Port”
What are anorexiants?
appetite suppresants to aid in weight control
What are antacids?
A buffer of hydrochloric acid in the stomach to relieve symptoms of gerd, pyrosis and ulcers
What are Antidiarrheals?
reduce intestinal motility to relieve diarrhea symptoms
What are antiemetics?
Prevent or alleviate nausea and vomitting
What are GI stimulants?
promote motility of the smooth muscles in GI tract
What are H2RA’s?
Reduce hydrochloric acid production in the stomach for moderate lasting acid suppresion
What does H2RA stand for?
Histamine2 receptor antogonists
What are Laxatives?
Promote evacuation of the bowel by increasing bulk of feces, softening stool, or lubricating intestinal walls
What are proton pump inhibitors?
Reduce production of hydrochloric acid for long lasting suppression of acid of disorders like GERD.
Mastication
Process of Chewing
Where does the breaking down of food start?
Stomach
Digestion
Process of breaking down
What happens in the intestines?
Nutrient absorption
What is defecation?
Getting rid of used food out of the body
What does dysphagia mean?
Trouble swallowing
