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Medical Terminology > Chapter 3: Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Musculoskeletal Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Salter-Harris

A

Fracture of epiphyseal plate in children

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2
Q

Prefixes: Ab-

A

Away from

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3
Q

Prefixes: Ad-

A

Toward

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4
Q

Prefixes: Circum-

A

Around

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5
Q

Prefixes: Dia-

A

Through, complete

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6
Q

Prefixes: Ex-, E-

A

Out, outward

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7
Q

Prefixes: Pro-

A

Forward, in front of, in favor of

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8
Q

Prefixes: Re-

A

Backward, Again

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9
Q

Prefixes: Syn-

A

Together, joined

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10
Q

Combining Form: Calcane/o

A

Calcaneus

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11
Q

Combining Form: Chondr/o

A

Cartilage

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12
Q

Combining Form: Cleid/o

A

Clavicle

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13
Q

Combining Form: Cost/o

A

Costa(Rib)

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14
Q

Combining Form: Dactyl/o

A

Digitus (Whole finger or toe)

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15
Q

Combining Form: Digit/o

A

Digitus (Whole finger or toe)

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16
Q

Combining Form: Erythemat/o

A

Red

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17
Q

Combining Form: Femor/o

A

Femur

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18
Q

Combining Form: Fibr/o

A

Fiber

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19
Q

Combining Form: Fibul/o

A

Fibula

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20
Q

Combining Form: Foramin/o

A

Foramen, an opening or hole

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21
Q

Combining Form: Foss/o

A

A hollow or depression especially on surface of bone

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22
Q

Combining Form: Kyph/o

A

Round back

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23
Q

Combining Form: Lei/o

A

Smooth

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24
Q

Combining Form: Lord/o

A

Swayback

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25
Q

Combining Form: Malleol/o

A

Malleolus

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26
Q

Combining Form: Mandibul/o

A

Mandible/lower jaw

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27
Q

Prefixes: Meta

A

Change

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28
Q

Combining Form: Metatars/o

A

Metatarsal

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29
Q

Combining Form: Myel/o

A

Bone marrow

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30
Q

Combining Form: Orth/o

A

Straight/upright

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31
Q

Combining Form: Oste/o

A

Bone

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32
Q

Combining Form: Patell/a, patell/o

A

patellar

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33
Q

Combining Form: Peritone/o

A

Peritoneum(lining of the abdomen)

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34
Q

Combining Form: Perone/o

A

Fibula

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35
Q

Combining Form: Physi/o

A

Nature

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36
Q

Combining Form: Rheumat/o

A

Watery flow

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37
Q

Combining Form: Scoli/o

A

Curvature

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38
Q

Combining Form: sin/o

A

Sinus/ cavity or channel lined with membrane

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39
Q

Combining Form: Spin/o

A

Spine

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40
Q

Combining Form: Spondyl/o

A

Vertebra, backbone, spine

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41
Q

Combining Form: Syndesm/o

A

Ligament

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42
Q

Combining Form: Tars/o

A

Ankle, tarsal

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43
Q

Combining Form: Tibi/o

A

Tibia

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44
Q

Combining Form: Tom/o

A

Cutting, section

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45
Q

Combining Form: Tubercul/o

A

Nodule or small raised area

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46
Q

Combining Form: Zygom/a, zygomatic

A

cheekbone

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47
Q

Suffixes: -blast

A

embryonic, cell growth

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48
Q

Suffixes: -centesis

A

surgical puncture

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49
Q

Suffixes: -clasis

A

intentional breaking

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50
Q

Suffixes: -clast

A

breaking down

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51
Q

Suffixes: -cyte

A

cell

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52
Q

Suffixes: -desis

A

binding, stabilizing

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53
Q

Suffixes: -gram

A

Record, recording

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54
Q

Suffixes: -graphy

A

process of recording

55
Q

Suffixes: -graph

A

instrument to record

56
Q

Suffixes: -listhesis

A

slipping

57
Q

Suffixes: -lysis

A

breaking down, dissolving, loosening, freeing from adhesions

58
Q

Suffixes: -metry

A

process of measurement

59
Q

Suffixes: -oid

A

resembling; like

60
Q

Suffixes: -physis

A

Growth, nature

61
Q

Suffixes: -poiesis

A

Formation, production

62
Q

Suffixes: -sarcoma

A

Connective tissue cancer

63
Q

Suffixes: -scopy

A

Process of viewing

64
Q

Suffixes: -sis

A

state of/ condition

65
Q

Suffixes: -trophy

A

process of nourishment, development

66
Q

What does OA stand for?

A

Osteoarthritis

67
Q

What is osteoarthritis?

A

DJD(Degenerative Joint Disease) degenerative articular cartilage and a wearing down of the bones edges at a joint,

68
Q

What does RA stand for?

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

69
Q

What is Rheumatoid Arthritis?

A

Autoimmune in nature, inflammatory joint disease occurs in a younger population (20-45yrs)

70
Q

Which arthritis is autoimmune?

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

71
Q

Which arthritis is degenerative?

A

Osteoarthritis

72
Q

What test is done to determine if a patient may have Rheumatoid arthritis?

A

RF(Rheumatoid Factor) Test

73
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Loss of bone mass resulting in bones being fragile and at risk for fractures

74
Q

What does CTS stand for?

A

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

75
Q

What is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

A

caused by compression of the median nerve, compression injury caused that manifests as fluctuating pain, numbness, and paresthesia

76
Q

Compression of the median nerve can cause…

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

77
Q

What is a bunion?

A

Painful enlargement and inflammation of the first metatarsophalangeal joint

78
Q

What does MD stand for?

A

Muscular Dystrophy

79
Q

What is Muscular Dystrophy?

A

Group of disorders characterized as an inherited progressive atrophy of skeletal muscle without neural involvement

80
Q

What is another name for talipes?

A

Clubfoot

81
Q

What is talipes?

A

deformity resulting in an abnormal twisting of the foot

82
Q

What is rickets?

A

Osteomalacia in childhood

83
Q

What is Paget Disease

A

Osteitis deformans (misshaped bone from breakdown and formation of bone tissue)

84
Q

What is scoliosis?

A

Lateral S curve of the spine, can cause loss of height

85
Q

What is kyphosis?

A

“Roundback” extreme posterior curvature of the thoracic area of the spine

86
Q

What is Lordosis?

A

Swayback, exaggerated anterior curve of the lumbar vertebrae

87
Q

What is Fibromyalgia?

A

disorder characterized by musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, muscle stiffness, and spasms

88
Q

What is myalgia?

A

general term that means muscle pain

89
Q

What is a sprain?

A

Traumatic Injury to a joint involving the ligaments

90
Q

What is a strain?

A

Lesser injury than a sprain, from overuse or overstretching of a muscle or tendon

91
Q

What is a subluxation?

A

When a bone is partially out of the joint

92
Q

What is a dislocation?

A

When a bone is completely out of a joint

93
Q

What is greenstick?

A

Fracture of a bone meaning partially bent and partially broken

94
Q

What is compression?

A

Fractured area that collapses on itself

95
Q

What is a complicated fracture?

A

When bone is broken and pierces an internal organ

96
Q

What is a comminuted fracture?

A

Bone is crushed and/or shattered into multiple pieces

97
Q

What is a Colles fracture?

A

Fracture at distal end of the radius at the epiphysis. (often when a patient tries to break their fall)

98
Q

What is Salter-Harris?

A

A fracture of epiphyseal plate in children

99
Q

What is a hairline fracture?

A

Minor fracture appearing as a thin line on an xray, may not extend through bone

100
Q

What is an impacted fracture?

A

Broken bones with ends driven into each other

101
Q

What does EMG stand for?

A

Electromyography

102
Q

What is an electromyography?

A

Procedure that records the electrical activity of muscles

103
Q

What does MRI stand for?

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

104
Q

What is Magnetic Resonance Imaging?

A

Procedure that uses magnetic properties to record detailed info about internal structures

105
Q

What is an XRAY?

A

Radiograph

106
Q

What is a DEXA Scan?

A

Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry

107
Q

What’s another word for DEXA Scan?

A

Bone mineral density studies

108
Q

What is a DEXA Scan for?

A

Procedure that measures the density of bone at the hip and spine

109
Q

What is a Phalen test?

A

Used to elicit symptoms of CTS, diagnostic test where dorsum of hands are pressed together

110
Q

What is ROM?

A

Range of Motion

111
Q

What is a serum calcium (CA) test for?

A

To measure the amount of calcium in blood

112
Q

What is an amputation?

A

Removal of a limb when there are no feasible options to save it

113
Q

What does THR stand for?

A

Total Hip Replacement

114
Q

What does TKR stand for?

A

Total Knee Replacement

115
Q

What is traction?

A

Process of pulling a body part into correct alignment to correct a dislocation

116
Q

Combining form: Tract/o

A

Pulling

117
Q

Suffixes: -ion

A

Process of

118
Q

What does NSAID stand for?

A

Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug

119
Q

What does O stand for?

A

Origin

120
Q

What does A stand for?

A

Action

121
Q

What does C1-C7 stand for?

A

Cervical Vertebrae

122
Q

What does CR stand for?

A

Closed Reduction

123
Q

What does CREF stand for?

A

Closed reduction external fixation

124
Q

What does DIP stand for?

A

Distal interphalangeal joint

125
Q

What does DJD stand for?

A

Degenerative Joint Disorder

126
Q

What does EF stand for?

A

External fixation

127
Q

What does I stand for?

A

Insertion

128
Q

What does L1-L7 stand for?

A

Lumbar vertebrae

129
Q

What does OR stand for?

A

Open reduction

130
Q

What does ORIF stand for?

A

Open reduction internal fixation

131
Q

What does PIP stand for?

A

Proximal interphalangeal joint

132
Q

What does S1-S5 stand for?

A

Sacral segments

133
Q

What does T1-T12 stand for?

A

Thoracic vertebrae

134
Q

Combining Form: Myos/o

A

Muscle

Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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