Chapter 4: Integumentary Flashcards
Derm/o
Skin
Dermat/o
Skin
Cut/o
Skin
Cutane/o
Skin
Trich/o
Hair
Pil/o
Hair
Onych/o
Nail
Ungu/o
Nail
Seb/o
Oil, sebum
Sebac/o
Oil, sebum
Sudor/i
Sweat
Hidr/o
Sweat
The three layers of skin
Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis
Subcutaneous layer
Hypodermis
Avascular
Without vessels
Follicul/o
Follicle
Papill/o
Papilla, “nipple”
Bas/o
Basal
Squam/o
Scaly
Pore
Tiny openings in the surface of the skin that sweat is secreted through
Perspiration
The secretion of sweat
Papillary Layer
Upper thin layer of the dermis composed of fibers made from protein and collagen that regulates blood flow through extensive blood supply
Strat/a
Layer
Stria/e
Stretch marks
Hair Follicle
Hair roots and covering as one
Hair shaft
Visible part of hair
Papilla
Nipple-shaped structure that encloses the capillaries under the follicle
What is another name for the nail body?
Nail plate
Nail Body
The visible nail
Nail Root
Nail in a groove under a small fold of skin at the base
Nail Bed
Highly vascular tissue under the nail
What happens to the nail bed when blood is oxygen deficient?
Becomes blue/purple
What happens to the nail bed when blood is oxygenated?
Stays pink
Lunula
Moon shaped white area at the base of the nail
Cuticle
Small fold of skin above the lower part of the nail
Eponychum
Cuticle
Paronychium
Fold of skin near the sides of the nail
Kerat/o
Hard, horny
Aden/o
Gland
Melan/o
Black, dark
Adip/o
Fat
Hidraden/o
Sudoriferous gland
Vascul/o
Vessel
-ferous
pertaining to carrying
-is
structure
-al
pertaining to
-ar
pertaining to
-ous
pertaining to
-ic
pertaining to
a-
not, without, no
epi-
above
hypo-
under, below
sub-
under, below
Functions of integumentary system
First line of defense, Vitamin D synthesis, Sensation, elimination of wastes, thermal regulation
Another word for dermis
Corium
What are the sudoriferous glands?
Pores, do perspiration
Papul/o
Pimple
Lesion
Any visible, localized abnormality of the skin.
The difference between primary and secondary lesions
Primary skin lesions are the ones that initially occur as the result of trauma or disease.
Secondary lesions are those that have evolved from their primary form.
Nodule
Palpable solid lesion
Cyst
Nodule filled with semisolid material/liquid
Tumor
Nodules that are larger than 2cm, can be used to describe any mass or swelling
Hematoma
collection of extravasated (leaked) blood that are trapped in the tissues and can be felt by the examiner
Ecchymosis
a hemorrhage or extravasation of blood into the subcutaneous tissue. It is nonpalpable but generally darkens the skin.
Another name for Ecchymosis
Bruise
Petechia
a tiny ecchymosis in the dermal layer (tiny bruises all over)
Purpura
Massive hemorrhage into tissues under the skin
Three terms that are forms of extravasation
Ecchymosis, Petechia, Purpura
Extravasation
process of a substance (blood or lymph) leaking outside of a vessel into surrounding tissues.
Macule
A flat, nonpalpable blemish or discoloration that is less than 1 cm
Patch
A large, flat, nonpalpable macule that is larger than 1 cm
Papule
A raised solid skin lesion that is less than 1 cm
Plaque
A raised plateau-like papule larger than 1 cm
Wheal
A circumscribed, elevated papule that is caused by localized edema- raised elevated skin with liquid in it ex: hives, tb test
Vesicle
A circumscribed elevated lesion that is filled with fluid and smaller than ½ cm
Vessicle/ Bulla aka
Blister
Bulla
A circumscribed elevated lesion that is filled with fluid and larger than ½ cm
Pustule
Like a vesicle, but it is a raised lesion that is filled with pus as the result of an infection
Telangiectasia
A condition of dilated superficial venules and capillaries
Tel/e
distant
Angi/o
Vessel
-ectasia
Dilation
Secondary Lesion: Atrophy
Paper thin, wasted skin
Secondary Lesion: Cicatrix
A scar
Secondary Lesion: Keloid
Overgrowth of tissue at the site of an injury
Secondary Lesion: Eschar
Dried blood, serum, or pus that occurs at the site of an injury or burn
Secondary Lesion: Synonym for Eschar
Scab
Secondary Lesion: Fissure
Crack-like lesion of the skin
Secondary Lesion: Ulcer
a circumscribed crater-like lesion of the skin or a mucous membrane. It’s important to note that ulcers can occur on the outer surface of the body as well on the inside
Myc/o
Fungus
a common chronic skin disorder characterized by circumscribed salmon red patches covered by thick, dry, silvery scales
Psoriasis
Xeroderma
Mildly dry skin
Xer/o
Dry
Ichthyosis
Extremely dry skin
Albin/o
White
Albinoism
Condition of a lack of pigmentation, white skin, lack of melanin
Chrom/o
color
What is the rule of nines used for?
used to describe the percentage of the body that is affected by a burn by dividing the body into multiples of 9. To determine if burns are critical.
Burns can be caused by
Heat, chemicals, electricity, or radiation
What is a superficial burn?
First degree, damages only the epidermis
What is a superficial partial thickness burn?
Second degree, gets through epidermis and papillary layer of dermis
What is a deep partial thickness burn?
Second degree, gets through epidermis, papillary, and reticular layer of dermis
What is a full thickness burn?
Third degree, gets through epidermis, full dermis, and hypodermis. Doesn’t hurt because nerves are dead.
What is the uncommon fourth degree burn?
Burn goes through all skin layers and muscle maybe bone layer underneath
Lipoma
Fatty tumor
Dermatofibroma
Fibrous tumor under the skin
Hemangioma
Tumor of blood vessel
Angioma
Tumor of a vessel
Acrochordon
Skin tag
4 Malignant Neoplasms
Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, Kaposi Sarcoma
BCC
Basal cell cacinoma
SCC
Squamous cell carcinoma
KS
Kaposi Sarcoma
Bi/o
Life
-opsy
Viewing
Excisional biopsy
The entire tumor is removed as well as its borders for diagnosis and treatment
Exfoliation
A scraping or shaving of sample of friable tissue lesions for examination
Friable
Easily crushed
Incisional Biopsy
Cutting of a wedge of tissue from a lesion followed by a suture of a closed site
Needle Aspiration
Aspiration of fluid from lesions for culture or examination
Punch Biopsy
Insertion of a tubular punch through skin to SQ layer to extract core of tissue for examination
What does this test for…Tzanck test
Herpes zoster and herpes simplex
What does this test for…Wood’s light test
Tests for tinea or pseudomonas in burns
What does this test for…TB test
Tuberculosis
What does this test for…Wound and abscess culture
identify pathogens in diabetic or decubitus ulcers, postoperative wounds, or abscesses
What does this test for…Viral culture
samples of vesicular fluid to help identify the type of virus in a lesion
What does this test for…Sweat test
test for abnormally high levels of sodium and chloride that are characteristic of patients who have cystic fibrosis
Mohs Surgery
repeated removal and microscopic examination of layers of a tumor until no cancerous cells are present
I&D
Incision and Drainage
Incision and Drainage
the cutting open and the removal of the contents of a cyst, wound, or other lesion
Rhytid/o
Wrinkles
Pediculicides
Treat lice
Protectives
Topicals with Sun protective factors (SPF)
Retinoids
Alter top layer skin growth to treat acne
Scabicides
Treat mites and scabies
Aloe Vera
Herbally treats sunburns and ulcers
Tea Tree Oil
Herbally is antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral
Immunomodulators
Suppress the body’s immune system
Immunosupressors
Suppress the body’s immune system
Antipsoriatic
Treat/prevent psoriasis
Antiviral
Decrease the effect or viruses
Antiseptic
Prevents infection by destroying microbials
Emollient
Topical that softens skin
Keratolytics
Topical used to break down hardened skin and remove top layer
Anesthetics
Can be topical, used to relieve pain and discomfort
Antibacterial
drugs that prevent and treat bacterial growth
Antifungal
drugs that attack fungi
Antihistamine
Decrease itching by reducing allergic reaction
Antiinflammatory
Reduce inflammation and pain
Allograft
Skin graft from the same species
All/o
Other
Xen/o
Foreign(different species)
Xenograft
TEMPORARY Skin graft taken from another species
Autograft
Skin taken from self from another part of the body
Another word for skin graft
Flap
Laser therapy
used to repair and destroy tissue
Occlusive therapy
Use of a dressing that closes off an area of skin to increase effectiveness of medication/absorption
Psoralen Plus Ultraviolet A Therapy
PUVA is the use of ultraviolet rays on psoriatic regions
Cauter/i
Burn
Cry/o
Cold
Cauterization
Burning of tissue in order to destroy them
Cryosurgery
Use of extreme cold to destroy lesions
Curettage
Scraping from the cavity wall to obtain tissue for microscopic examination
Debridement
1st step in wound treatment, removal of foreign bodies, damaged tissue, cell debris, removal of dirt
Clavus
Corn , mass of horny condensed epithelial over bony projection
Callus
Thickening of Stratum corneum
Bed sore is also known as
Decubitous ulcer
Herpes Simplex 1 vs 2
1- coldsores, fever, blisters. 2- Genital herpes
Verucca
WART (like verruca in willie wonka a wart on society)
Herpes Zoster
Shingles, reactivation of the chicken pox
Exanthematous
Series of diseases characterized by rash
Furuncle
localized superficial staph infection starts in gland or follicle
Carbuncle
Multiple furuncles
Seborrheic dermatitis
“Cradle cap” inflammatory scaly disease of face and scalp
Pruritis
Itching
ec-
out
nod/o
knot
macul/o
spot
eschar/o
scab
nid/o
nest
Eczema aka
Dermatitis
Tinea Capitis
fungal infection of the scalp(ringworm)
Tinea Corporis
Fungal infection of the body (ringworm)
Tinea Cruris
(Jock itch) fungal infection occurs on external genitalia and upper legs
Tinea Pedis
Fungal infection of the foot (Athlete’s foot)
Capit/o
Head
Corpor/o
Body
Crur/o
Leg
Ped/o
Foot
Exanthemat/o
Rash
vulgar/o
common
crypt/o
hidden
-plast
formation
-oma
tumor, mass
nev/o
birthmark
occlus/o
to close
auto-
self
-ive
pertaining to
blephar/o
eyelid
-abrasion
scraping of
Trans-
through
intra-
within
-cide
killing
Sebaceous glands produce
oil through cells bursting to create the sebum
Sudoriferous gland produces
Sweat through pores
Another word for hematoma
blood blister
Hydr/o
Water
Alopecia
Hair loss
Nevus
Mole
Varicella
Chicken pox
Myc/o
Fungus
My/o
Muscle
Myel/o
Bone marrow
Paring AKA
Shaving
Blepher/o
Eyelid
Anti
Against
Ante
Before
Pruritis
Itching
