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ARRT (Abdominal US) > Chapter 6 The Spleen > Flashcards

Chapter 6 The Spleen Flashcards

1
Q

The splenic vein exits the spleen and travels along the:

A

Posterior border of the pancreatic tail and body

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2
Q

The splenic artery enters the spleen at the

A

Splenic hilum
superior and anterior to the splenic vein

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3
Q

From the trunk, the splenic artery courses

A

Laterally toward the spleen

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4
Q

Sonographic appearance of the normal spleen

A

•isoechoic to the liver
•May be more echogenic

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5
Q

The spleen is best visualized with

A

Deep inspiration, with the patient lying on the right side

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6
Q

An individual with a wandering spleen could suffer from

A

Splenic torsion

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7
Q

_____is the implantation of ectopic splenic tissue, Can occur following splenic rupture

A

Splenosis

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8
Q

Both asplenia and polysplenia have been associated with

A
  1. Complex cardiac malformations
  2. Abnormal location of other organs
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9
Q

______leads to the development of multiple small masses of splenic tissue

A

Polysplenia

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10
Q

____is the congenital absence of the spleen

A

Asplenia

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11
Q

Small, round island of splenic tissue is typically located near the splenic hilum or possibly near the tail of the pancreas

A

Splenule

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12
Q

Massive splenomegaly Can lead to

A

Spontaneous splenic rupture

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13
Q

The most common cause of splenomegaly is

A

Portal hypertension

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14
Q

The spleen should never measure more than ______in length and _____in thickness in adults

A

•12-13cm
•6cm

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15
Q

Clinical findings of splenomegaly (6):

A
  1. Papable spleen
  2. Hemolytic abnormalities (sickle cell)
  3. Trauma
  4. Infection
  5. History of cirrosis, trauma, leukemia, or lymphoma
  6. Possible elevated WBC or RBC
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16
Q

Clinical findings of splenic abscess (5):

A
  1. Fever
  2. Leukocytosis
  3. LUQ tenderness
  4. Left flank pain
  5. Splenomegaly
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17
Q

Sonographic findings of splenic abscess (3):

A
  1. Complex appearance
  2. Debris or gas (that produces dirty shadowing)
  3. Hypoechoic
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18
Q

Sonographic findings of splenomegaly (2):

A
  1. Enlargement ogreater than 12-13cm in length or 6cm in thickness
  2. Extends beyond the inferior pole of the left kidney
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19
Q

Clinical findings of simple splenic cyst (2):

A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. Pain occur with hemorrhage
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20
Q

Sonographic findings of simple splenic cyst

A
  1. Rounds
  2. Smooth-walled mass
  3. Anechoic mass
  4. Posterior enhancement
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21
Q

_____is tissue that has been deprived of oxygen will eventually die

A

Infarct

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22
Q

A splenic infarct May be caused by (5):

A
  1. Sickle cell disease
  2. Bacterial endocarditis
  3. Tumor embolization
  4. Vasculitis
  5. Lymphoma
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23
Q

The _____, which contains RBC and macrophages performs the phagocytic function of the spleen

A

Red pulp

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24
Q

The lymphatic function of the spleen is performed by the ______, which produces lymphocytes to aid in the immune response

A

White pulp

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25
Q

The spleen is composed of specialized tissue called

A

White pulp and red pulp

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26
Q

The spleens hematopoietic function Can return in cases of

A

Severe anemia

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27
Q

The spleen in the fetus is responsible for

A

Erythropoiesis

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28
Q

The spleen begins to develop around the

A

Fifth week of gestation

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29
Q

The spleen is inferior to the

A

Diaphragm and posterolateral to the stomach

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30
Q

The gastrosplenic ligament attaches the

A

Spleen to the stomach

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31
Q

The spleen is located

A

Within the left upper quadrant

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32
Q

The spleens primary objective is to

A

Filter the peripheral blood

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33
Q

_____, the largest structure of the reticuloendothelial system

A

The spleen

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34
Q

_____engulf and destroy pathogens

A

Phagocytes

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35
Q

The spleen Can also clean RBC of unwanted material, a process called

A

Pitting

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36
Q

The spleen removed irregular RBC from the bloodstream through a process called

A

Culling

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37
Q

Small echogenic foci scattered throughout the spleen mostly represent

A

Multiple benign granulomas

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38
Q

The splenic vein joins with what structure posterior to the pancreatic neck to form the portal vein

39
Q

______ describes the implantation of ectopic splenic tissue possibly secondary to the splenic rupture

40
Q

The splenic hamartoma may be discovered more often in individuals with a history of

A

Tuberous sclerosis

41
Q

_____is a benign lesion that is a congenital malformation of the lymphocytic system

A

Lymphangioma

42
Q

The type of tissue within the spleen that is responsible for its phagocytic function is the

43
Q

The spleen is an _____ organ

A

Intraperitoneal

44
Q

The type of tissue within the spleen that is responsible for its lymphatic function is

A

White pulp

45
Q

_____children would least likely suffer from sickle cell anemia

46
Q

The splenic vein marks the

A

Posterior aspect of the pancreatic body and tail

47
Q

Where is the most common location of an accessory spleen

A

Splenic hilum

48
Q

What is the splenic process of cleaning RBC of unwanted material

49
Q

Diffuse involvement of lymphoma or leukemia of the spleen will often lead to

A

Splenomegaly

50
Q

The splenic artery originates at the

A

Celiac trunk

51
Q

A sickle cell crisis will often lead to

A

Splenomegaly

52
Q

_______is a congenital anomaly in which the spleen is divided into two portions by a band of tissue

A

Splenic cleft

53
Q

The spleen removes irregular cell from the bloodstream through a process called

54
Q

An area within the spleen that has become necrotic because of a lack of oxygen is called

A

Splenic infarct

55
Q

What systemic disease resulted in the development of granulomas within the spleen and throughout the body

A

Sarcoidosis

56
Q

A complex cyst that results from the parasitic infestation of the spleen by a tapeworm is the

A

Hydatid cyst

57
Q

_______is a benign lesion that is a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system

A

Splenic lymphangioma

58
Q

Lymphangiomas are most commonly found in

59
Q

Patients undergoing a sickle cell crisis may have (2):

A

•decreased hematocrit
•bone pain

60
Q

Angiosarcomas will appear Sonographically as a

A

Complex, solid mass

61
Q

Sonographic findings of splenic malignancy

A

•diffuse: splenomegaly
•focal: hypoechoic masses

62
Q

____is the most common malignancy of the spleen

63
Q

What are the two types of lymphoma

A

•hodgkins lymphoma
•nonhodgkin lymphoma

64
Q

The presents of reed-sternberg cells indicate

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

65
Q

What lymphoma can be tested and Caries a high recovery rate

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

66
Q

Sonographic findings of granulomatous disease of the spleen (1):

A
  1. Small, echogenic foci that May shadow
67
Q

Clinical findings of a splenic hemangioma (2):

A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. pain occurs with hemorrage
68
Q

splenic rupture can lead to implants of ectopic splenic tissue rereferred to as:

69
Q

_____is the most common benign tumor of the spleen

A

hemangioma

70
Q

_____is a group of inherited blood disorders that includes sickle cell anemia

A

sickle cell disease

71
Q

those with ______have abnormally, crescent shaped RBC that have a tendency to attach to each other and obstruct normal vascular channels

A

sickle cell anemia

72
Q

clinical findings of a splenic infarct (1):

A
  1. sudden onset of LUQ pain
73
Q

_____ happens with time and with recurrent sickle cell crisis the spleen will eventually become fibrotic and atrophy

A

Autosplenectomy

74
Q

A child suffering from sickle cell disease often has an

A

Enlarged spleen during a sickle cell crisis

75
Q

A patient with a wandering spleen would have an increased risk for:

A

splenic torsion

76
Q

A rare malignant tumor of the spleen that consists of blood vessels is a/an:

A

Angiosarcoma

77
Q

the splenic artery is a branch of the:

A

celiac trunk (celiac artery)

78
Q

What is the most common sonographic appearance of a splenic hemangioma

79
Q

The process of making RBC is termed

A

Erythropoiesis

80
Q

Multiple, small echogenic foci scattered throughout the spleen in a patient with a history of toxoplasmosis most often likely represents:

A

Granulomas

81
Q

the most common cause of splenomegaly is:

A

portal hypertension

82
Q

The splenic artery marks the:

A

Superior aspect of the pancreatic body and tail

83
Q

Epstein-Barr infection is best described as:

A

A herpes virus that can lead to infectious mononucleosis

84
Q

Clinical findings of a splenic hemangioma (2):

A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. Pain occurs with hemorrhage
85
Q

Clinical findings of splenic lymphangioma (4):

A
  1. nausea
  2. LUQ pain
  3. Abdominal distention
  4. Splenomegaly
86
Q

Clinical findings of splenic malignancy (4):

A
  1. LUQ pain
  2. fever
  3. Weight loss
  4. Malaise
87
Q

Clinical findings of splenic trauma (3):

A
  1. blunt trauma to the LUQ
  2. LUQ pain
  3. decreased hematocrit
88
Q

Sonographic findings of splenic hamartoma (2):

A
  1. Hypoechoic mass or masses (echotexture can vary)
  2. Hypervascularity
89
Q

Clinical findings of splenic hamartoma (3):

A
  1. Asymtomatic
  2. pain can occur with rupture
  3. patient may have a history of Beckwith-weide-mann syndrome or tuberous sclerosis
90
Q

Clinical findings of granulomatous disease of the spleen (2):

A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. history of histoplasmosis, tuberculosis, or sarcoidosis
91
Q

Sonographic findings of splenic trauma (4):

A
  1. Acute hemorrhage (complex or hyperechoic)
  2. Middle stage (echogenic with clot formation)
  3. Later stage (anechoic or hypoechoic)
  4. Chronic hematomas may have a complex appearance
92
Q

Sonographic findings of a splenic infarct (2):

A
  1. Acute infarct (hypoechoic, wedge shaped mass within the spleen)
  2. chronic infarct (hyperechoic, wedge shaped mass within the spleen)
93
Q

Sonographic findings of splenic lymphangioma (2):

A
  1. multicystic masses
  2. masses may contain hypoechoic or anechoic locules and hyperechoic septations
94
Q

Functions of the spleen (5):

A
  1. defense against disease
  2. hematopoiesis/erythropoiesis
  3. destruction and removal of flawed RBC and platelets
  4. Blood reservoir
  5. Storage of iron

ARRT (Abdominal US) (14 decks)

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