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ARRT (Abdominal US) > Chapter 12 The Face And Neck > Flashcards

Chapter 12 The Face And Neck Flashcards

1
Q

______is the most common form of salivary gland cancer ?

A

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

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2
Q

The superior extension of the thyroid isthmus is referred to as:

A

Pyramidal lobe

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3
Q

What type of gland is the thyroid gland?

A

Endocrine

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4
Q

_____is an autoimmune disease that affects the glands that produce moisture, leading to dysfunction of the salivary glands and dryness of eyes, nose, and skin

A

Sjogren syndrome

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5
Q

______is the hormone that is the most abundantly produced by the thyroid?

A

Thyroxine

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6
Q

Hormones produced by the thyroid:

A
  • Thyroxine
  • Triiodothyronine
  • Calcitonin
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7
Q

Psammoma bodies are:

A

Punctate calcific deposits

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8
Q

What is the first branch of the external carotid artery?

A

Superior thyroid artery

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9
Q

Which muscles are located anterior to the thyroid gland?

A

Strap

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10
Q

Term for stones within the salivary duct?

A

Sialolithiasis

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11
Q

A thyroid isthmus that measures greater that ______is indicative of thyroid enlargement

A

10mm

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12
Q

Which vascular structure is located closest to the thyroid lobes?

A

Common carotid artery

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13
Q

What structure may be confused for a thyroid or parathyroid mass because of its relationship to the trachea and the posterior aspect of the left thyroid gland?

A

Esophagus

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14
Q

Which muscles are located lateral to each thyroid lobe?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

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15
Q

Which muscles are located posterior to each thyroid lobe?

A

Longus colli

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16
Q

The thyroid gland utilizes _______to produce its hormones?

A

Iodine

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17
Q

______is the duct that drains the submandibular gland?

A

Wharton duct

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18
Q

In the presence of Hashimoto thyroiditis, the thyroid produces:

A

Too few thyroid hormones

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19
Q

The fluid produced by the thyroid gland that contains thyroid hormones is referred to as:

A

Colloid

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20
Q

What muscle does fibromatosis colli mostly affect?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

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21
Q

What gland is located immediately anterior to the ear?

A

Parotid gland

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22
Q

What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?

A

Graves disease

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23
Q

What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism? (Name)

A

Hashimoto thyroiditis

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24
Q

What is the most common form of thyroid cancer?

A

Papillary

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25
Q

What abnormality is associated with the sonographic findings of a thyroid inferno?

A

Graves disease

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26
Q

Describe the normal appearance of a cervical lymph node:

A

Hypoechoic, oblong structure with a distinct echogenic hilum

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27
Q

A normal lymph node will not measure greater than:

A

10mm

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28
Q

Parathyroid glands control the release and absorption of which nutrient?

A

Calcium

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29
Q

______ would more likely be a malignant thyroid nodule?

A

Cold nodule

30
Q

A cystic mass noted at the mandibular angle is most likely a :

A

Branchial cleft cyst

31
Q

Normally, how many parathyroid glands are found within the adult neck?

32
Q

Benign congenital cysts located superior to the thyroid gland near the hyoid bone are referred to as:

A

Thyroglossal duct cysts

33
Q

Because of the mass within the sternocleidomastoid muscle, the muscle shortens, resulting in the twisting of the infants chin toward the nonaffected side termed:

A

Congenital muscular torticollis

34
Q

Where are Branchial cleft cysts most often found?

A

Near the angle of the mandible and appear as an anechoic mass with posterior enhancement

35
Q

_____are benign congenital cysts located within the midline of the neck superior to the thyroid gland and are typically located below the hyoid bone

A

Thyroglossal duct cysts

36
Q

Low level of calcium is known as:

A

Hypocalcemia

37
Q

An elevated level of calcium is referred to as:

A

Hypercalcemia

38
Q

The parathyroid glands serve as:

A

Calcium regulators for the body

39
Q

Normal parathyroid glands will measure:

A

5.0mm X 3.0mm X 1.0mm

40
Q

Nodular hyperplasia the most common cause of:

A

Thyroid nodules

41
Q

The bilateral sublingual glands are located:

A

Just under the tongue and anterior to the submandibular glands

42
Q

The submandibular gland is drained by the :

A

Wharton duct

43
Q

The paired bilateral sternocleidomastoid muscles are located:

A

Posterior to the parotid glands

44
Q

The _____ are the largest of the salivary glands and are consequently the most likely to be analyzed with sonography

A

Parotid gland

45
Q

The thyroid consists of multiple follicles that contain a fluid called:

46
Q

The much larger stenocleidomastoid muscular pass lateral to the:

A

Thyroid lobes

47
Q

The longus colli muscles are seen:

A

Posterior to each lobe

48
Q

_____is a condition that results from the overproduction of the thyroid hormones

A

Hyperthyroidism

49
Q

A thyroid volume can be calculated using the formula:

A

Lenght X Width X Thickness X 0.529

50
Q

_____is a condition that results from the under production of thyroid hormones

A

Hypothyroidism

51
Q

Normal thyroid tissue is:

A

Homogenous and consists of medium to high level echogenicities similar to testes

52
Q

A thyroid and neck sonogram is performed with a _____ transducer

A

High-frequency linear

53
Q

An isthmus that measures greater than _____may be indicative of thyroid enlargement

54
Q

Causes of Goiter include:

A

*Iodine deficiency
*Graves disease
*Thyroiditis

55
Q

______is defined as an enlarged, hyperplastic thyroid gland

56
Q

Clinical findings of a parathyroid adenoma

A
  1. Elevated serum calcium
  2. Elevated PTH
57
Q

Clinical findings of Hashimoto thyroiditis

A
  1. Depression
  2. Increased cold sensitivity
  3. Elevated blood cholesterol levels
  4. Slight weight gain may occur
  5. Puffy face and puffiness under the eyes
58
Q

Clinical findings of Graves disease

A
  1. Bulging eyes
  2. Heat intolerance
  3. Nervousness
  4. Weight loss
  5. Hair loss
59
Q

Clinical findings of fibromatosis colli

A
  1. Pediatric palpable neck mass
  2. Torticollis (twisted neck with the chin angled to the nonaffected side)
60
Q

Clinical findings of abnormal lymph nodes

A
  1. Palpable neck mass (possibly)
  2. Enlarged nodes may be painful
61
Q

Clinical findings of a thyroglossal duct cyst

A
  1. Palpable mass within the midline of the neck superior to the thyroid gland
  2. Infected cysts may be painful
62
Q

Clinical findings of a Branchial cleft cysts

A
  1. Palpable neck mass located near the angle of the mandible
  2. Infected cysts may be painful
63
Q

Clinical findings of a Goiter

A
  1. Palpable (and possibly visually) enlarged thyroid gland
  2. Dyspnea
  3. Dysphagia
  4. Feeling of tightening in the throat
  5. Coughing
  6. Hoarseness
64
Q

Sonographic findings of fibromatosis colli (3):

A
  1. Fusiform-shaped mass within the sternocleidomastoid muscle
  2. calcifications that shadow
  3. hyperemic pattern
65
Q

Sonographic findings of a brachial cleft cyst

A
  1. Anechoic mass near the angle of the mandible
66
Q

Sonographic findings of thyroglossal duct cyst

A
  1. Anechoic, well-defined and unilocular cyst with posterior enhancement
  2. May have internal components
67
Q

Sonographic findings of abnormal lymph nodes (5):

A
  1. Enlargement of the node > 1cm
  2. Round shaped
  3. Loss of the echogenic hilum
  4. Calcifications
  5. May be hyperemic or demonstrate abnormal vascular patterns with color doppler
68
Q

Sonographic findings of a parathyroid adenoma

A
  1. Hyperechoic mass adjacent to the thyroid
69
Q

Sonographic findings of a goiter

A
  1. Enlarged thyroid gland (isthmus that exceed 1cm in the anteroposterior plane)
  2. Diffusely heterogeneous echotexture
  3. Multiple nodules with cystic and solid components
70
Q

Sonographic findings of graves disease

A
  1. Enlarged gland
  2. Heterogeneous or diffusely hypoechoic echotexture
  3. Thyroid inferno
71
Q

Sonographic findings of Hashimoto thyroiditis

A

1.Mild enlargement of the thyroid gland (initially)
2. Heterogenous echotexture
3. Multiple ill-defined hypoechoic regions separated by fibrous hyperechoic tissue
4. Hypervascular gland

ARRT (Abdominal US) (14 decks)

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