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ARRT (Abdominal US) > Chapter 1 Abdominal Overview > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Abdominal Overview Flashcards

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1
Q

_____ consists of serosal fluid and typically appears simple and anechoic

A

Benign ascites

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2
Q

The _____ consists of a parietal and visceral layer

A

Peritoneum

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3
Q

The double lining of the abdominal cavity is the:

A

Peritoneum

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4
Q

The kidney function is to:

A

•regulate blood volume
•filter the blood
•regulate blood pressure

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5
Q

Abdominal sonography should be performed prior to radiographic exams that utilize:

A

Barium contrast agents

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6
Q

____ can be a malignant form of ascites

A

Exudate ascites

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7
Q

Carcinoma of the kidney, AKA renal cell carcinoma

A

Hypernephroma

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8
Q

_____ is a tumor marker that may be used in cases of suspected testicular malignanancy

A

hCG

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9
Q

The malignant tumor associated with hepatocellular carcinoma

A

Hepatoma

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10
Q

A collection of abdominal fluid within the peritoneal cavity that may be associated with cancer

A

Exudate ascites

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11
Q

What organs have both exocrine and endocrine functions (3):

A

•pancreas
•testicles
* Ovaries

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12
Q

_____ extends from the diaphragm to the pelvis

A

Greater sac

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13
Q

Malignant pediatric liver tumor

A

Hepatoblastoma

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14
Q

Primary bile duct cancer

A

Chol-angio-carcinoma

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15
Q

Glands that release their hormones directly into the bloodstream

A

Endocrine glands

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16
Q

____ occurs when the Doppler sampling rate (PRF) is not high enough to accurately display the Doppler frequency shift

A

Aliasing

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17
Q

A rare malignant tumor of the spleen that is derived from blood vessels

A

Angiosarcoma

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18
Q

Occurs when the sound beam strikes a structure in a non perpendicular manner, resulting in a loss of the true echogencity of the structure

A

Anisotrophy

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19
Q

Small echogenic calcifications that result from inflammation of the tissue in that area (common in the pancreas)

A

Granulomas

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20
Q

The MOST MALIGNANT form of GESTATIONAL TROPHOBLASTIC DISEASE with possible METASTASIS to the LIVER, LUNGS and VAGINA

A

Chori-o-carcinoma

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21
Q

An islet cell tumor found within the pancreas

A

Gastrinoma

22
Q

Caused by attenuation of the sound beam

A

Shadowing

23
Q

The insulinoma is a

A

Benign pancreatic tumor

24
Q

The testicular endocrine function is to produce

A

Testosterone

25
Q

____ release their enzymes through ducts

A

Exocrine glands

26
Q

Testicular exocrine function is to produce

A

Sperm

27
Q

Blood returning from the heart from the system circulation is via:

A

Superior vena cava (SVC) & inferior vena cava (IVC)

28
Q

_____ is caused by air or bowel gas

A

Dirty shadowing

29
Q

_____ provided blood to the lungs and drains the lungs as well

A

Pulmonary circulation

30
Q

A build up of lymphatic fluid most likely caused by obstruction of this drainage process with subsequent swelling is:

A

Lymphedema

31
Q

Leukocytosis or an elevation in WBC count indicates:

A

Presence of an inflammatory response due to infection

32
Q

Patient needs to be well hydrated if the urinary bladder is being assessed for:

A

•intraluminal masses
•irregularities
•urinary stones

33
Q

Pancreatic endocrine function is to produce the hormones:

A

•insulin
•glucogan
•so-mato-statin

34
Q

The exocrine function is to produce the digestive enzymes:

A

•amylase
•lipase
•sodium bi-carbon-ate

35
Q

A common benign renal tumor that consists of a network of blood vessels, muscle and fat:

A

Angiomyolipoma

36
Q

Malignant pediatric tumor that can occur within the adrenal gland and anywhere within the sympathetic NERVOUS system:

A

Neuroblastoma

37
Q

The most common solid malignant pediatric abdominal mass; a malignant renal mass AKA nephroblastoma

A

Wilms tumor

38
Q

A malignant tumor of the urinary tract that is often found within the urinary bladder or within the renal pelvis

A

Transitional cell carcinoma

39
Q

What are the salivary glands?

A

•parotid gland
•submandibular gland
•sublingual gland

40
Q

What are the 6 intraperitoneal organs:

A
  1. Gallbladder
  2. Ovaries
  3. Liver
  4. Spleen
  5. Stomach
  6. Some bowel
41
Q

What are the endocrine organs/structure:

A

•adrenal gland
•ovaries
•pineal body
•parathyroid glands
•pancreatic islets
•thymus gland
•thyroid gland
•testes
(AOPPPTTT)

42
Q

Occurs behind strong, granular and irregular surfaces like crystals, calculi, or calcifications

A

Twinkle artifact

43
Q

A type of reverberation artifact caused by several small, highly reflective interfaces, such as gas bubbles is?

A

Comet tail artifact

44
Q

Enlargement of a lymph node may be referred to as

A

Lymphadenopathy

45
Q

____ refers to the practices used to render an object or area free of pathogenic microorganisms

A

Medical asepsis

46
Q

____ may appear as complex fluid with loculations and produce matting of the bowel

A

Exudate ascites

47
Q

The superior vena cava and IVC empty into:

A

Right atrium of the heart

48
Q

_____ have smooth walls or boarders, demonstrate through transmission, are anechoic and are round in shape (STAR criteria)

A

Simple cyst

49
Q

_____ have a large amount of internal debris, septations, mural nodules, have a fluid-fluid level, or other components

A

Complex cyst

50
Q

Why do diabetic patients need to be scheduled early in the morning for fasting studies?

A

Prevent hypoglycemia episodes

51
Q

A liver enzyme most specific to hepatocellular damage

A

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)

52
Q

An enzyme found in liver tissue that can be elevated with biliary obstruction

A

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

ARRT (Abdominal US) (14 decks)

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