Chapter 1 Abdominal Overview Flashcards
_____ consists of serosal fluid and typically appears simple and anechoic
Benign ascites
The _____ consists of a parietal and visceral layer
Peritoneum
The double lining of the abdominal cavity is the:
Peritoneum
The kidney function is to:
•regulate blood volume
•filter the blood
•regulate blood pressure
Abdominal sonography should be performed prior to radiographic exams that utilize:
Barium contrast agents
____ can be a malignant form of ascites
Exudate ascites
Carcinoma of the kidney, AKA renal cell carcinoma
Hypernephroma
_____ is a tumor marker that may be used in cases of suspected testicular malignanancy
hCG
The malignant tumor associated with hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatoma
A collection of abdominal fluid within the peritoneal cavity that may be associated with cancer
Exudate ascites
What organs have both exocrine and endocrine functions (3):
•pancreas
•testicles
* Ovaries
_____ extends from the diaphragm to the pelvis
Greater sac
Malignant pediatric liver tumor
Hepatoblastoma
Primary bile duct cancer
Chol-angio-carcinoma
Glands that release their hormones directly into the bloodstream
Endocrine glands
____ occurs when the Doppler sampling rate (PRF) is not high enough to accurately display the Doppler frequency shift
Aliasing
A rare malignant tumor of the spleen that is derived from blood vessels
Angiosarcoma
Occurs when the sound beam strikes a structure in a non perpendicular manner, resulting in a loss of the true echogencity of the structure
Anisotrophy
Small echogenic calcifications that result from inflammation of the tissue in that area (common in the pancreas)
Granulomas
The MOST MALIGNANT form of GESTATIONAL TROPHOBLASTIC DISEASE with possible METASTASIS to the LIVER, LUNGS and VAGINA
Chori-o-carcinoma
An islet cell tumor found within the pancreas
Gastrinoma
Caused by attenuation of the sound beam
Shadowing
The insulinoma is a
Benign pancreatic tumor
The testicular endocrine function is to produce
Testosterone
____ release their enzymes through ducts
Exocrine glands
Testicular exocrine function is to produce
Sperm
Blood returning from the heart from the system circulation is via:
Superior vena cava (SVC) & inferior vena cava (IVC)
_____ is caused by air or bowel gas
Dirty shadowing
_____ provided blood to the lungs and drains the lungs as well
Pulmonary circulation
A build up of lymphatic fluid most likely caused by obstruction of this drainage process with subsequent swelling is:
Lymphedema
Leukocytosis or an elevation in WBC count indicates:
Presence of an inflammatory response due to infection
Patient needs to be well hydrated if the urinary bladder is being assessed for:
•intraluminal masses
•irregularities
•urinary stones
Pancreatic endocrine function is to produce the hormones:
•insulin
•glucogan
•so-mato-statin
The exocrine function is to produce the digestive enzymes:
•amylase
•lipase
•sodium bi-carbon-ate
A common benign renal tumor that consists of a network of blood vessels, muscle and fat:
Angiomyolipoma
Malignant pediatric tumor that can occur within the adrenal gland and anywhere within the sympathetic NERVOUS system:
Neuroblastoma
The most common solid malignant pediatric abdominal mass; a malignant renal mass AKA nephroblastoma
Wilms tumor
A malignant tumor of the urinary tract that is often found within the urinary bladder or within the renal pelvis
Transitional cell carcinoma
What are the salivary glands?
•parotid gland
•submandibular gland
•sublingual gland
What are the 6 intraperitoneal organs:
- Gallbladder
- Ovaries
- Liver
- Spleen
- Stomach
- Some bowel
What are the endocrine organs/structure:
•adrenal gland
•ovaries
•pineal body
•parathyroid glands
•pancreatic islets
•thymus gland
•thyroid gland
•testes
(AOPPPTTT)
Occurs behind strong, granular and irregular surfaces like crystals, calculi, or calcifications
Twinkle artifact
A type of reverberation artifact caused by several small, highly reflective interfaces, such as gas bubbles is?
Comet tail artifact
Enlargement of a lymph node may be referred to as
Lymphadenopathy
____ refers to the practices used to render an object or area free of pathogenic microorganisms
Medical asepsis
____ may appear as complex fluid with loculations and produce matting of the bowel
Exudate ascites
The superior vena cava and IVC empty into:
Right atrium of the heart
_____ have smooth walls or boarders, demonstrate through transmission, are anechoic and are round in shape (STAR criteria)
Simple cyst
_____ have a large amount of internal debris, septations, mural nodules, have a fluid-fluid level, or other components
Complex cyst
Why do diabetic patients need to be scheduled early in the morning for fasting studies?
Prevent hypoglycemia episodes
A liver enzyme most specific to hepatocellular damage
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
An enzyme found in liver tissue that can be elevated with biliary obstruction
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
