Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 6; The Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 6; The Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

dermatology

A

branch of medicine specializing in the care and treatment of the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

integumentary system

A

consists of the skin, hair, nails, and their associated glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

skin (integument)

A

the body’s largest and heaviest organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

epidermis

A

outer layer of skin (stratified squamous epithelium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

dermis

A

deeper connective tissue layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

hypodermis

A

another layer of connective tissue below the dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

thick skin

A

covers the palms, soles, and corresponding surfaces of the fingers and toes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

stratum corneum

A

very thick surface layer of dead cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

thin skin

A

an epidermis about 0.1 mm thick, with a thin stratum corneum. It possesses hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

keratin

A

protein that is packed into the epidermal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

acid mantle

A

protective acidic film

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

epidermis

A

a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

stem cells

A

undifferentiated cell that divide and give rise to the keratinocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

stratum basale

A

deepest layer of epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

keratinocytes

A

great majority of epidermal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

melanocytes

A

occur only in stratum basale, amid the stem cells and deepest keratinocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

melanin

A

they synthesize the brown to black pigment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

melanosomes

A

melanin-containing fragments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

tactile cells

A

receptors for touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

tactile disc

A

the tactile cell and its nerve fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

dendritic cells

A

immune cells that originate in the bone marrow but migrate to the epidermis and epithelia of the oral cavity, esophagus, and vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

stratum basale

A

consists mainly of a single layer of cuboidal to low columnar stem cells and keratinocytes resting on the basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

stratum spinosum

A

consists of several layers of keratinocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

artifact

A

artificial appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

stratum granulosum

A

consists of three to five layers of flat keratinocytes-more than thick skin than in thin skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

keratohyalin granules

A

layer of keratinocytes that are coarse, dark-staining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

stratum lucidum

A

a thin zone superficial to the stratum granulosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

eleidin

A

clear protein that is densed in keratinocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

stratum corneum

A

consists of up to 30 layers of dead, scaly, keratinized cells that form a durable surface layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

filaggrin

A

a protein that is released by keratohyalin granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

envelope proteins

A

tough layer that is beneath the plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

exfoliate

A

the process of dead keratinocytes that flake off from the epidermal surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

dander

A

the flakes that come off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

dandruff

A

clumps of dander stuck together by sebum (oil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

dermal papillae

A

the upward waves are fingerlike extensions of the dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

epidermal ridges

A

downward epidermal waves between the papillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

friction ridges

A

wavy boundary that forms and produces fingerprints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

papillary layer

A

a thin zone of areolar tissue in and near the dermal papillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

reticular layer

A

consists of dense irregular connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

striae

A

stretch marks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

subcutaneous fat

A

hypodermis composed predominantly of adipose tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

eumelanin

A

brownish black

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

pheomelanin

A

reddish yellow sulfur-containing pigment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

hemoglobin

A

the red pigment of blood, imparts reddish to pinkish hues as blood vessels show through the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

carotene

A

a yellow pigment acquired from egg yolks and yellow and orange vegetables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

cyanosis

A

blueness of the skin resulting from a deficiency of oxygen in the circulating blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

erythema

A

abnormal redness of the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

pallor

A

pale or ashen color that occurs when there is so little blood flow through the skin that the white of the dermal collagen shows through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

albinism

A

a genetic lack of melanin that usually results in milky white hair and skin, and blue-gray eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

jaundice

A

yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes resulting from high levels of bilirubin in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

hematoma

A

bruise that is a mass of clotted blood showing through the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

friction ridges

A

the markings on the fingerprints that leave distinctive oily fingerprints on surfaces we touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

lamellar corpuscles

A

improves one’s grasp and aid in the manipulation of small and rough-surfaced objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

flexion lines (flexion creases)

A

the lines on the flexor surfaces of the digits, palms, wrist, elbows, and other places

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

freckles

A

flat melanized patches that vary with heredity and exposure to the sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

mole (nevus)

A

an elevated patch of melanized skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

hemangiomas

A

patches of skin discolored by benign tumors of the blood capillaries

58
Q

capillary hemangiomas (strawberry birthmarks)

A

bright red to deep purple and develop small capillary-dense elevations that give them a strawberry-like appearance

59
Q

cavernous hemangioma

A

flatter and duller in color

60
Q

port-wine stains

A

flat and pinkish to dark purple in color

61
Q

accessory organs (appendages)

A

hair, nail, and sebaceous glands

62
Q

soft keratin

A

makes up the stratum corneum

63
Q

hard keratin

A

makes up the hair and nails

64
Q

pilus

A

hair

65
Q

hair follicle

A

a slender filament of keratinized cells that grows from an oblique tube in the skin

66
Q

lanugo

A

fine, downy, unpigmented hair that appears on the fetus in the last 3 months of development

67
Q

vellus hair

A

fine, pale hair

68
Q

terminal hair

A

longer, coarser, and usually more heavily pigmented

69
Q

shaft

A

the portion of a hair above the skin

70
Q

root

A

all of the stuff beneath the surface

71
Q

bulb

A

dilation of the hair

72
Q

dermal papilla

A

provides the hair with its sole source of nutrition

73
Q

hair matrix

A

hair’s growth center

74
Q

medulla

A

a core of loosely arranged cells and air spaces

75
Q

cortex

A

constitutes most of the bulk of the hair

76
Q

cuticle

A

composed of multiple layers of very thin, scaly cells that overlap each other with their free edges directed upward

77
Q

epithelial root sheath

A

an extension of the epidermis, consists of stratified squamous epithelium and lies immediately adjacent to the hair root

78
Q

connective tissue root sheath

A

derived from the dermis and composed of collagenous connective tissue, surrounds the epithelial sheath and is somewhat denser than the adjacent dermis

79
Q

bulge

A

a source of stem cells for follicle growth

80
Q

hair receptors

A

nerve fibers that entwine each follicle and respond to hair movements

81
Q

piloerector muscle (pilomotor muscle or arrector pili)

A

a bundle of smooth muscle cells extending from dermal collagen fibers to the connective tissue root sheath of the follicle

82
Q

hair cycle

A

3 developmental stages

83
Q

anagen

A

stem cells from the bulge in the follicle multiply and travel downward, pushing the dermal papilla deeper into the skin and forming the epithelial root sheath

84
Q

club hair

A

hair left from the previous cycle

85
Q

catagen

A

mitosis in the hair matrix ceases and sheath cells below the bulge die

86
Q

telogen

A

when the papilla reaches the bulge, the hair goes into a resting period

87
Q

alopecia

A

thinning of the hair, or baldness

88
Q

pattern baldness

A

the condition in which hair is lost unevenly across the scalp rather than thinning uniformly

89
Q

sex-influenced traits

A

when an allele is dominant in one sex and recessive in the other

90
Q

hirsutism

A

excessive or undesirable hairiness in already that are not usually hairy

91
Q

guard hairs (vibrissae)

A

guard the nostrils and ear canals and prevent foreign particles from entering easily

92
Q

nail plate

A

the hard part of the nail

93
Q

free edge

A

the overhanging tip of the finger or toe

94
Q

nail body

A

the visible attached part of the nail

95
Q

nail root

A

extends proximally under the overlying skin

96
Q

nail fold

A

rised skin that is above the nail

97
Q

nail groove

A

separated the margin of the nail plate

98
Q

nail bed

A

skin underlying the nail plate

99
Q

hyponychium

A

its epidermis of the nail

100
Q

nail matrix

A

located at the proximal end of the nail, the stratum basal thickens into a growth zone

101
Q

lunule

A

opaque white crescent on the nail

102
Q

cuticle (eponychium)

A

dead skin from the nail

103
Q

clubbed

A

swollen fingertips

104
Q

sweat glands (sudoriferous glands)

A

apocrine and merocrine sweat glands

105
Q

apocrine sweat glands

A

occur in the groin, anal region, axilla, and areola, and in mature males, in the beard area

106
Q

sex pheromones

A

chemicals that exert subtle effects on the sexual behavior and physiology of other people

107
Q

bromhidrosis

A

disagreeable body odor

108
Q

merocrine (eccrine) sweat glands

A

widely distributed over the entire body, but are especially abundant on the palms, soles, and forehead

109
Q

myoepithelial cells

A

found amid the secretory cells at the deep end of the gland

110
Q

acid mantle

A

inhibits bacterial growth on the skin

111
Q

insensible perspiration

A

perspiration evaporates about as fast as it is produced

112
Q

diaphoresis

A

excessive sweating

113
Q

cutaneous transpiration

A

a significant amount is also lost by water simply diffusing between the keratinocytes and evaporating from the skin surface

114
Q

sebaceous glands

A

produces an oily secretion called sebum

115
Q

sebum

A

an oily secretion that are flask-shaped with short ducts that usually open into a hair follicle

116
Q

ceruminous glands

A

modified apocrine glands found only in the external ear canal

117
Q

cerumen

A

earwax

118
Q

mammary glands

A

milk-producing glands that develop within the female breast during pregnancy and lactation

119
Q

mammae

A

breasts

120
Q

mammary ridges (milk lines)

A

mammary glands form along lines

121
Q

polythelia

A

when someone develops additional nipples or mammae along the milk line

122
Q

lesions

A

zones of tissue injury

123
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

most common type of skin cancer, least deadly because it seldom metastasizes, but if neglected, it can severely disfigure the face

124
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

arises from keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum

125
Q

melanoma

A

skin cancer that arises from the melanocytes

126
Q

burns

A

usually caused by fires, kitchen spills, or excessively hot bath water, but they also can be causes by sunlight, ionizing radiation, strong acids and bases, or electrical shock

127
Q

eschar

A

burned, dead tissue

128
Q

first-degree burns

A

involve only the epidermis and are marked by redness, slight edema, and pain

129
Q

second-degree burns

A

involve the epidermis and part of the dermis but leave at least some of the dermis intact

130
Q

partial-thickness burns

A

another name for first and second degree burns

131
Q

third-degree burns

A

epidermis, all of the dermis, and often some deeper tissues are destroyed

132
Q

fourth-degree burns

A

down to the bone

133
Q

debridement

A

removal of eschar

134
Q

acne

A

inflammation of the sebaceous glands

135
Q

dermatitis

A

any inflammation of the skin caused by exposure to toxic foliage

136
Q

eczema

A

itchy, red “weeping” skin lesions caused by an allergy

137
Q

psoriasis

A

recurring, reddened plaques covered with silvery scale

138
Q

rosacea

A

a red rashlike area marked by fine networks of dilated blood vessels

139
Q

seborrheic dermatitis

A

recurring patches of scaly white or yellowish inflammation often on the head, face, chest, and back

140
Q

tinea

A

any fungal infection of the skin, wormlike growth pattern sometimes exhibited

Anatomy and Physiology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions