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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 1; Major Themes of A+P > Flashcards

Chapter 1; Major Themes of A+P Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

study of structure

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2
Q

Physiology

A

study of function

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3
Q

Inspection

A

looking at the body’s appearance

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4
Q

Palpation

A

feeling a structure with the hands

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5
Q

Auscultation

A

listening to the natural sounds made by the body

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6
Q

Percussion

A

tapping on the body, feeling for abnormal resistance, and listens to the emitted sound for scars of abnormalities

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7
Q

Dissection

A

cutting and separating tissues to reveal their relationships

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8
Q

Cadaver

A

dead human body

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9
Q

Comparative Anatomy

A

study of multiple species in order to examine similarities and differences and analyze evolutionary trends

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10
Q

Exploratory surgery

A

opening the body and taking a look inside to see what was wrong and what could be done about it

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11
Q

Medical Imaging

A

methods of viewing the inside of the body without surgery

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12
Q

Radiology

A

branch of medicine concerned with imaging

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13
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

structure that can be seen with the naked eye

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14
Q

Histology

A

microscopic anatomy

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15
Q

Histopathology

A

microscopic examination of tissues for signs of disease

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16
Q

Cytology

A

study of the structure and function of individual cells

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17
Q

Ultrastructure

A

fine detail, down to the molecular level, revealed by the electron microscope

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18
Q

Comparative Physiology

A

study of how different species have solved problems of life

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19
Q

Hippocrates

A

created the Hippocratic Oath

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20
Q

Aristotle

A

one of the first philosophers to write about anatomy and physiology

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21
Q

Claudius Galen

A

physician to the roman gladiators, wrote the most influential medical textbook of the ancient era

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22
Q

Robert Hooke

A

designed scientific instruments of various kinds, including the compound microscope

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23
Q

Antony van Leeuwenhock

A

invented a simple microscope

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24
Q

Theodor Schwann

A

concluded that all organisms were composed of cells

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25
Q

Inductive Method (first prescribed by Bacon)

A

process of making numerous observations until one feels confident in drawing generalizations and predictions from them

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26
Q

Negative Feedback

A

a process in which the body senses a change and activates mechanisms that negate or reverse it

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27
Q

Baroreflex

A

reflexive correction of blood pressure

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28
Q

Ligamentum Arteriosum

A

a small fibrous band near the heart

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29
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

A

a forearm muscle

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30
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

passes vertically through the body of an organ and divides it into right and left portions

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31
Q

Median (midsagittal) Plane

A

plane that divides the body or organ into equal halves

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32
Q

Parasagittal Plane

A

unequal portions of sagittal planes

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33
Q

Frontal (coronal) Plane

A

extends vertically, but it is perpendicular to the sagittal plane and divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

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34
Q

Transverse (horizontal) Plane

A

divides the body into superior and inferior

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35
Q

Ventral

A

toward the front

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36
Q

Dorsal

A

toward the back

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37
Q

Anterior

A

toward the ventral side

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38
Q

Posterior

A

toward the dorsal side

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39
Q

Cephalic

A

toward the head or superior end

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40
Q

Rostral

A

toward the forehead or nose

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41
Q

Caudal

A

towards the tail or inferior end

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42
Q

Superior

A

Above

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43
Q

Inferior

A

Below

44
Q

Medial

A

toward the median plane

45
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the median plane

46
Q

Proximal

A

closer to the point of attachment or origin

47
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the point of attachment or origin

48
Q

Ipsilateral

A

On the same side of the body (right or left)

49
Q

Contralateral

A

On opposite sides of the body (right and left)

50
Q

Superficial

A

Closer to the body surface

51
Q

Deep

A

Farther from the body surface

52
Q

Axial Region

A

head, neck, and trunk

53
Q

Subcostal Line

A

superior horizontal line

54
Q

Intertubular Line

A

inferior horizontal line that passes from left to right between the tubercles (anterior superior spines) of the pelvis

55
Q

Hypochondriac Region

A

a region on either side of the abdomen beneath the cartilages of the false ribs, beside the epigastric, and above the lumbar region

56
Q

Lumbar Region

A

Lower back and sides

57
Q

Inguinal (iliac) Region

A

bottom right and bottom left region of abdomen

58
Q

Epigastric Region

A

upper central region of the abdomen

59
Q

Umbilical Region

A

Middle region of the abdomen

60
Q

Hypogastric (pubic) Region

A

bottom middle region of abdomen

61
Q

Femoral Region

A

thigh

62
Q

Crural Region

A

leg

63
Q

Tarsal Region

A

ankle

64
Q

Pedal Region

A

foot

65
Q

Digits

A

toes

66
Q

Segment

A

region of a limb between one joint and the next

67
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

enclosed by the cranium and contains the brain

68
Q

Vertebral Cavity

A

enclosed by the vertebral column (spine) and contains the spinal cord.

69
Q

Viscera

A

the organs contained in the body cavities

70
Q

Visceral Layer

A

inner layer of an enveloping sac or bursa that lines the outer surface of the enveloped structure

71
Q

Parietal Layer

A

outer layer of the pleural sac

72
Q

Meninges

A

Three fibrous membranes between the central nervous system and surrounding bone, the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater

73
Q

Coelom

A

space that forms within the trunk

74
Q

Diaphragm

A

sheet of internal skeletal muscle that extends across the bottom of the thoracic cavity

75
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

body cavity that holds the heart and lungs

76
Q

Abdominopelvic Cavity

A

body cavity that holds digestive organs, spleen, kidneys, bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs

77
Q

Serous Membranes

A

a membrane that lines a body cavity or covers the external surfaces of the viscera; composed of a simple squamous mesothelium and a thin layer of areolar connective tissue

78
Q

Mediastinum

A

the thick median partition of the thoracic cavity that separates one pleural cavity from the other and contains the heart, great blood vessels, esophagus, trachea, and thymus

79
Q

Pericardium

A

outer most layer of the heart

80
Q

Visceral Pericardium

A

innermost of the two layers of the pericardium

81
Q

Parietal Pericardium (pericardial sac)

A

tough thickened membranous outer layer of the pericardium

82
Q

Pericardial Cavity

A

body cavity that holds the heart

83
Q

Pericardial Fluid

A

serous fluid that fills the pericardial cavity

84
Q

Pleura

A

a double-walled serous membrane that encloses each lung

85
Q

Visceral Pleura

A

thin layer of serous membrane tissue that adheres to the surface area of the lungs

86
Q

Parietal Pleura

A

serous membrane that lines the pulmonary cavity

87
Q

Pleural Cavity

A

Body cavity that holds the lungs

88
Q

Pleural Fluid

A

fluid found between the layers of the pleura

89
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

the body cavity between the diaphragm and pelvic brim

90
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A

body cavity that holds the bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs

91
Q

Peritoneum

A

a serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen and covers the mesenteries and viscera

92
Q

Parietal Peritoneum

A

lines the internal surface of the abdominopelvic wall

93
Q

Visceral Peritoneum

A

the part of the peritoneum that lines the abdominal viscera

94
Q

Peritoneal Cavity

A

space between the parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum

95
Q

Peritoneal Fluid

A

fluid made in the abdominal cavity

96
Q

Retroperitoneal

A

behind the peritoneum

97
Q

Intraperitoneal

A

into the peritoneum

98
Q

Mesentery

A

visceral peritoneum

99
Q

Serosa

A

a thin epithelial membrane composed of a simple squamous epithelium overlying a thin layer of areolar tissue; covers the external surfaces of viscera and forms membranes

100
Q

Posterior Mesentery

A

double layer of peritoneum

101
Q

Mesocolon

A

posterior mesentery of the large intestine

102
Q

Anterior Mesentery

A

mesentery that continues up the anterior body wall

103
Q

Greater Omentum

A

large apron-like fold of visceral peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach

104
Q

Lesser Omentum

A

peritoneal fold attached to the anterior surface of the transverse colon

105
Q

Potential Spaces

A

Lumen

Anatomy and Physiology (8 decks)

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